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Viruses
Biology 106 Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Virus | Infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat or membranous envelope .05 micrometers or 50/100 nanometers Tiniest 20 nm, has 4 genes Need Electron Microscope to observe Lack metabolic enzymes, ribosomes, and other equipmen |
| Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) | Discovered by the german, Haussen Lytic Cycle: Genital Warts Lysogenic Cycle: Nothing...Later - Cervical Cance |
| Epstein Barr Virus (EBU) | Lytic Cycle: get Glandular Fever (Mono/Mononucleosis) Treatment? Rest for 2-3 Months Lysogenic Cycle: Depending on where virus integrates into genome, could cause cancer e.g.Burkitt's lymphoma |
| Orthomyxovirus | Influenza Virus ssRNA; template for mRNA synthesis serves as both mRNA and template for synthesis of additional copies of genome RNA Has Outer Envelope |
| Temperate Phage | Phages capable of using both modes of reproducing within a bacterium e.g.Lambda Phage commonly used: resembles T4 but tail has 1 tail fiber |
| Retrovirus | Virus thats genome is made up of RNA or ssRNA; template for DNA synthesis Reverse Transcriptase Commonly Found |
| Prions | Infectious Proteins Prusiner found Scrapie in sheep Mad Cow Disease in Cows Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Humans Transmitted in Food? Slow-Acting agents, incubate for 10's of years Indestructible misfolded form of protein normally present in brain |
| Viroids | Circular RNA molecules Infect Plants Can replicate in holst plant cells Symptoms: Abnormal development and stunted growth |
| How Do RNA viruses mutate so easily? | Because errors in replication are not corrected by proofreading like DNA |
| Why Can't Poliovirus Victims Recover As Rhinovirus (common Cold) victims Can? | Mature nerve cells that are targeted cannot divide and be replaced like epithelial cells of the respiratory tract can However, nerve cells do repair, but too slowly |
| Transposons | DNA segments that move from one location to another within a cell's genome include extra genes like antibiotic resistance. extra genes may be sandwiched between two insertion sequences Help bacteria and Eukaryotes adapt to new environments, Insertion s |
| What do Viruses, Plasmids, and Transposons have in Common? | All mobile genetic elements |
| Picornavirus | Class IV Virus: (Can directly serve as mRNA, which can be translated to viral protein immediately) No Envelope Single-Stranded RNA (ssRNA) serves as mRNA Rhinovirus (common cold) Poliovirus Hepatitus A Virus Other Intestinal Viruses |
| Provirus | Integrated virul DNA Never leaves host's genome |
| Herpesvirus | Has envelope derived from nuclear membrane of host double stranded DNA genome (dsDNA) Copies of herpesvirus DNA remain as minichromosomes in nuclei of nerve cells Latent until physical or emotional stress triggers new virus production, Otherwise known |
| Animal Viruses | Nearly all with RNA genomes have envelope |
| RNA Virus | Special virus-encoded polymerases use RNA as template Found Mostly in Animals |
| DNA Virus | use DNA Polymerase of host cell to synthesize new genomes along the templates provided by viral DNA |
| Host Rangec | Can infect only limited range of host cells |
| Bacteriophages (Phages) | Infects Bacteria DNA genome Virulent Viruses with one of the most complex capsids First Studied - Seven infect E.Coli Attached to head of protein tail with fibers that phages use to attach to bacterium Few have envelope or RNA genome |
| Viral Envelopes | Derived from membrane of the host cell Contain host cell phospholipids and membrane proteins Contain proteins and glycoproteins of viral origin Glycoproteins used to bind to specific receptor molecules, promoting viral entry to cell Some Contain viral |
| Adenoviruses | Infect respiratory tract of animals Double Stranded DNA (dsDNA) No Envelope 252 identical protein molecules Polyhedral capsid arrangement icosahedron (20 triangular facets) |
| Tobacco Mosaic Virus | Rigid, rod-shaped Capsid RNA genome Thousand molecules of single type protein arranged in helix infects Plants |
| Capsid | Protein shell enclosing viral genome May be Rod-Shaped, Polyhedral, or more complex in shape (like T4) Built from large # of protein subunits, Capsomeres |
Created by:
madhatter
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