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What are the 4 branches of Earth Science? meteorology, oceanography, geology, and astronomy
What are the 7 steps of the scientific method? state problem .............................. gather info. ............................... state hypothesis............................ test hypothesis ............................ state a conclusion .........................
What do you do if your hypothesis is not supported by the results of your experiment? Create a new one + start over
The study of the earth's oceans is . . . oceanography
The ________________ is the earth's largest ecosystem + encompasses all life on Earth + the physical environment that supports it. biosphere
A __________ is a rule that correctly describes a natural phenomenon. scientific law
The term _________ means that a substance can be broken down into component parts by microorganisms. biodegradable
_______ is the study of the universe BEYOND Earth. Astronomy
The _________ is the solid earth. geosphere
________ is the study of relationships b/t living things + their environment. Ecology
The gases surrounding Earth make up its _____. atmosphere
The study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid earth + the processes that shape it is called ____________. geology
_________ involves the comparison of some aspect of an object or phenomenon w/ a standard unit. Measurement
A scientific ________ is a hypothesis or set of hypotheses that's supported by results of experimentation + observation. theory
Using the senses to gather info. is called ... Observation
Name the 2 parts of the mantle. lithosphere --------------------------------- asthenosphere --------------------------------
What % of Earth is made of oxygen? 21%
What % of Earth is made of nitrogen? 78%
Name the 2 parts of the core. inner ---------------------------------------- outer ----------------------------------------
Name the 2 types of crust. oceanic ------------------------------------- continental ---------------------------------
Where's most of the earth's freshwater found? glaciers
How many (TOTAL) time zones are there? 27
How many U.S. time zones are there? 14
One rotation around the sun takes how long? 24 hours
One revolution around the sun takes how long? 365 and 1/4 days
Name the 2 solstices. summer solstice ------------------------------ winter solstice ------------------------------
Name the 2 equinoxes. vernal equinox ------------------------------- autumnal equinox -----------------------------
Where does the sun strike the Poles? @ 90 degrees
Where does the sun strike @ 90 degrees in the summer solstice? Tropic of Cancer
Where does the sun strike @ 90 degrees in the winter solstice? Tropic of Capricorn
When does the summer solstice begin? June 21 or 22
When does the winter solstice begin? Dec. 21 or 22
When does the autumnal equinox begin? Sept. 22 or 23
Where does the sun strike @ 90 degrees during the autumnal equinox? equator
When does the vernal equinox begin? March 21 or 22
Your weight in space is what fraction of your weight on Earth? 1/6
________ is when the Earth is farthest from the Sun. What day is this? APHELION ------------------------------------- July 4 ---------------------------------------
What shape is the Earth's orbit around the sun? elliptical
What shape is Earth? oblate spheroid
_____________ is when the Earth is closest to the sun. What day is it? Perihelion ----------------------------------- January 3 ------------------------------------
A region of space that's affected by the Earth's magnetic field. magnetosphere
The boundary between the Earth's crust + mantle. Moho
Line running from N - S through the Pacific Ocean where the date changes from one day to the next. International Date Line
The force of gravity on an obeject. Weight
the zone of rock below the earth's crust mantle
spinning of a planet on its axis. rotation
What's the only latitude great circle? equator
Any 2 meridians that meet @ the Poles. great circle
Run E - W + parallel to equator. lines of LATITUDE
Run N - S lines of LONGITUDE
In the ______ Projection, meridians appear as straight lines. Mercator
In the ______ Projection, little distortion occurs @ point of contact (usually the Poles) Gnomonic
The ___________ Projection is made from a series of Conic projections Polyconic
A(n) __________ map shows the surface features of the Earth. topographic
Height above sea level elevation
- - - - TOPOGRAPHIC MAP: - - - - ............. major highways are what color? ............................. contour lines? ........................... bodies of water? ...................... constructed features? ............ forested are major highways = red ------------------------- contour lines = brown ------------------------ bodies of water = blue --------------------- constructed features = black --------------- forested areas = green ---------------------
What are the 3 types of map scales? graphic -------------------------------------- ratio ---------------------------------------- verbal ---------------------------------------
What's the Mercator Projection's main advantage? GRID
Where's the least amount of distortion in a gnomonic projection? point of contact
The science of mapmaking cartography
Every 5th contour line on a topographic map that's printed bolder for reference. index contour
List of map symbols + their meanings legend
Height above sea level elevation
_________ boundaries form when plates are moving apart. Divergent
In a ______ Projection, the meridians converge @ the poles. Mercator
The ________ runs through Greenwich, England. Prime Meridian
What year was the theory of continental drift proposed? 1912
Which scientist is credited w/ seafloor spreading? Hess
The single landmass thought to be the origin of all continents is _______. PANGAEA
Which scientist proposed the theory of continental drift? Wegner
What are underwater mountain ranges? mid-ocean ridges
At a ______ boundary,plates are sliding past each other. transform
At a _______ boundary, one plate slide under each other. submergent
_________ rise high above the surrounding land, often providing a spectacular view from the top. Mountains
Distance above sea level elevation
A grassy wetland, usually flooded w/ water marsh
_________ plains are found near the ocean. Coastal
Type of stress that pushes rocks in opposite, horizontal directions shearing
Type of stress that occurs when rocks are squeezed together compression
Type of stress that pulls rocks apart tension
Fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall reverse fault
Fault in which the rock on either side of a fault line slides horizontally strike-slip fault
Fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall normal fault
Name the 3 volcano types + give examples SHIELD: Kilauea ------------------------------ CINDER-CONE: Paracutin --------------------- COMPOSITE:Mt. St. Helens
What are the 2 types of eruptions? quiet + explosive
What are the 3 types of magma? andesitic ------------------------------------ granitic ------------------------------------- basaltic -------------------------------------
Which magma type has more gases + more sillica? Which magma has less gases + gases? MORE = basaltic ------------------------------ LESS = granitic
What are the 3 types of tephra (smallest-largest) ash ------------------------------------------ cinders -------------------------------------- bombs ----------------------------------------
Name the 4 characteristics of minerals. natural, inorganic, solid, def. chemical composition, + crystalline
Name the 6 crystal systems. Cubic, Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Orthorhombic, Monoclinic, + Triclinic
Name the 3 ways minerals form. from a solution ------------------------------ cooled from magma ---------------------------- dissolved in liquids -------------------------
What's pumice's special property? IT FLOATS
________ fizzes when ________ is put on it. CALCITE ; HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Created by: hcmeek
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