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Cell Cycle & Cancer
Term | Definition |
---|---|
anaphase (I and II) | chromosomes pulled apart |
cancer | uncontrolled cellular growth and division |
centriole | cell part that sends out spindle fibers and is the center of new daughter cells |
centromere | where sister chromatids are held together |
chromatin | relatively thin and unbound DNA during interphase |
chromosome | a piece of DNA |
crossing over | exchange of genetic material during metaphase |
cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm and cell parts |
daughter cell | created during mitosis |
diploid | two copies of each chromosome in the cell (46 in humans) |
equator | midpoint of the cell |
gamete | egg or sperm cell |
haploid | one copy of each chromosome in the cell (23 in humans) |
homologous pair | chromosomes that code for the same genes; one from mom, one from dad |
karyotype | image of all the chromosomes in a cell |
metaphase (I and II) | chromosomes align at the equator |
nondisjunction | sister chromatids fail to separate in anaphase |
prophase (I and II) | chromosomes condense and become visible, nuclear envelope disappears |
sister chromatids | twin copies of a chromosome held together by a centromere |
spindle fibers | cytoskeleton parts that move the chromosomes during cell division |
synthesis | create or make |
telophase (I and II) | chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope begins to reform |
Asexual | reproduction by mitosis (binary fission) performed by single celled organisms |
Sexual | reproduction by merging of gametes; results in greater genetic diversity |