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Exam 4
Part C- Short Answers & 5***** Star Slide Notes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1 of 3 results produced by the Complement system* | C3b Opsonization (aka. marks pathogen as bad) |
1 of 3 results produced by the Complement system* | C3a + C5a Inflammation |
1 of 3 results produced by the Complement system* | C5b+C6+C7+C+C9 Cell lysis |
Innate Immunity * | First Line of Defense -Intact Skin -Mucus Membrane -Normal microbiota |
Innate Immunity * | Second Line of Defense -Phagocytes -Inflammation -Fever -Antimicrobial substances |
Adaptive Immunity* | Third line of defense -specialized lymphocytes; T & B cells -Antibodies |
Describe the steps of phagocyosis | -Identify the microbe -Attach & engulf it -Digest the microbe -Eliminate it by exoytosis (poops it out) |
Name two ways in which a pathogen evades the host immune system | -Killing phagocytes -Using host's iron |
Advantage of herd immunity and what that means about vaccinations | aka; Community Immunity; It provides a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune to a certain disease |
Significance of a Low ID50 | The dose of microbes required to produce a measurable infection in 50% of the tested population |
Significance of a Low LD50 | The lethal dose necessary to kill 50% of the population of tested microbes |
Portals of entry | -Broken skin -Insect bites -Ear -Nose -Mouth -Vagina/penis -Urethra -Anus |
White Blood cells * Neutrophils | Phagocytosis |
White Blood cells * Basophiles | Histamine |
White Blood cells * Eospinophils | Kill parasites |
Red Blood Cells * | Transport O2 & Co2 |
Monocytes * | Phagocytosis |
Dendritic Cells * | Phagocytosis |
Natural killer cells * | Destroy target cells |
T cells * | Cell-mediated immunity |
B cells * | Produced antibodies |
Platelets * | Blood clotting |
Humoral is based on* | antibodies |