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SBio DNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cellular process that creates 2 identical double-stranded DNA molecules. | DNA Replication |
| DNA stands for | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| DNA and RNA, both nucleic acids, are made up of monomers called _____________. | nucleotides |
| Nucleotides are made up of these three parts. | A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base. |
| What are the names of the four nitrogen bases found in DNA? | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) |
| Which DNA bases pair together? | A with T, and C with G. |
| The enzyme that "unzips" the double helix in DNA Replication. | DNA Helicase |
| Why is DNA called the double helix? | DNA has 2 strands of nucleotides, and the strands are twisted (corkscrew-shaped). |
| The enzyme that attaches complementary bases to the template strands in DNA Replication. | DNA Polymerase |
| What is being made during Protein Synthesis? | Protein |
| Which two cellular processes are involved in Protein Synthesis? | Transcription and Translation |
| Transcription makes a strand of __________ using DNA as the template. | mRNA |
| Where does Transcription take place? | the nucleus |
| What are the three differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA is double-stranded (RNA single), DNA has the sugar deoxyribose (RNA ribose), DNA has the base Thymine (RNA Uracil). |
| The enzyme that "unzips" the double helix in Transcription. | RNA Polymerase |
| The enzyme that attaches mRNA bases to a template strand of DNA in Transcription. | RNA Polymerase |
| RNA stands for | Ribonucleic Acid |
| Where does Translation take place? | on a ribosome (in the cytoplasm) |
| During Translation, mRNA is used to make _____________. | Protein |
| The 3 base sequence of nucleotides on mRNA is called the _____________. | codon |
| Amino acids are held together with by ____________ bonds. | peptide |
| Protein Synthesis will be complete when a _________ codon is reached. | stop |
| The scientist that used X-ray images to determine that DNA was helical (spiral) in shape. | Rosalind Franklin |
| The two scientists that are credited with creating the first model of the double helix. | James Watson & Francis Crick |
| DNA ---> RNA | Transcription |
| RNA ---> Protein | Translation |
| A change in the sequence of nucleotides (bases) in a segment of DNA. | Mutation |
| A type of mutation that replaces one nucleotide (base) for another. | Substitution |
| A type of mutation that adds in an extra nucleotide (base) to a sequence of DNA. | Insertion |
| A type of mutation that removes a nucleotide (base) from a sequence of DNA. | Deletion |
| DNA Technology that uses DNA fingerprints for crime scene investigation and paternity testing. | Forensics |
| DNA Technology that creates cells OR organisms that are genetically identical to preexisting ones. | Cloning |
| DNA Technology that set out to determine how many genes humans have AND what each one of those genes codes for. | Human Genome Project |
| DNA Technology that deliberately alters the DNA of an organism. | Genetic Engineering |
| DNA Technology in which a perfect organism or population is created by enforcing breeding (mating) restrictions. | Eugenics |
Created by:
ballb
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