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Chapter 6 Quiz

Science

TermDefinition
absolute dating tells you when the fossil was formed by using radioactive elements found in rocks and fossils such as uranium
adaptation an inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment; can be a physical characteristic such as fur color or an internal characteristic such as resistance to harsh weather condition
ancestor an early form of an organism from which later forms descend
Charles Darwin British naturalist who came up with the theory of natural selection
common ancestor an important theory of natural selection; i.e. through this theory, we can look at fossils of ancient algae and see how they adapted to become modern plants
Cretaceous Extinction around 65 million years ago and dinosaurs and over half of all living species at the time became extinct; no one knows the real reason why; scientists hypothesize that it is a meteorite
Darwin's Theory giraffes had traits for long necks and short necks; since trees were tall, the short neck giraffes would starve to death, leaving the tall neck giraffes to reproduce
evolution when organisms change to be more fit for their environment
fossil record the information about fossils found in a particular area; scientists use these to examine periods of time in which different species lived and died; they develop an overview of Earth's history
fossils you can use these to find a common ancestor; many _______ showed that tow species with a common ancestor can develop differently in different locations
isolation when organisms in a species will be _______ from others; in different environments, the species will adapt to their environments, which create different variations
Lamarck's theory over time, giraffes stretched their necks to reach tall trees
mass extinction a period of time where huge numbers of species become extinct in a very short time
natural selection this states that individuals in a species that have the best traits to survive in an environment will reproduce, while the ones with less desirable traits will not; based off key principles
overproduction many animals produce more offspring than they can support; offspring that are not the fittest will die off or get eaten, keeping the population at a regular level; i.e. when fish lay eggs, they lay hundred, but many of the eggs do not hatch
Permian Extinction occurred around 250 million years ago, and 90% of the species living the ocean became extinct and many land animals disappeared; scientists think it was because two land masses joined together and changed the climate
relative dating used to find the age of fossils; one fossil is compared to another, which tells if one fossil was formed before another; you look at layers of rock and minerals/materials
selection the evolution of new species from an existing species; can occur when environments change drastically or gradually
similarities in development many animals look similar in early stages of life inside the womb or egg; as animals age, they begin to look different as they get older
speciation the evolution of new species from an existing species; can occur when environments change drastically or gradually
variation mutations that are desirable (and sometimes undesirable) are passed down from parent to offspring, making individuals within a species different in some ways; this can help or hurt survival rates
vestigial organ/structure physical structures that were fully developed and functional in an ancestral group of organisms but are reduced and unused in later species; can also be bones that are not used; your appendix and tailbone
Created by: bakesports
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