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Duke PA Onc ph class
Duke PA Pharm oncology drug classification
Question | Answer |
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EX. Carboplatin, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, oxaliplatin. alklyation of DNA is the crucial cytotoxic reaction. Cell cycle non-specific but most toxic to rapidly dividing cells. SE-NV (cisplatin) | Alkylating agents |
Ex. capecitabine, cytarabine, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, methotrexate. Cell cycle specific. Inhibit growth & proliferation by competing for binding sites on enzymes & incorporation into DNA or RNA. | Antimetabolites |
Ex. bleomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin. Cell cycle non-specific. Binds to DNA causing breakage, & inhibits RNA synthesisSE-pulmonary toxicity (bleomycin), cardiac toxicity (doxorubicin) | Antitumor antibiotics |
Paclitaxel,docetaxel. G2 and M phases. Inhibits mitosis b/c of antimicrotubule effect. Plant alkyloid. SE-hypersensitivity, neurologic toxicities | Taxanes |
Irinotecan, topotecan. S phase. Topoisomerase-I inhibition, resulting in DNA breakage.Plant alkyloid | Camptothecins |
etoposide, teniposidepre-mitotic G2 & S phasesTopoisomerase-II inhibitor causing DNA breakage.Plant alkyloid. SE-hypersensitiviy | Epipodophyllotoxins |
Vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine. act in G2 and M phases. Antimicrotubular agent inhibits mitosis. Plant alkyloid SE- Autonomic (constipation), and peripheral neurotoxicity | Vinca alkaloids |
Tamoxifen, toremifene-Inhibit binding of the estrogen receptorMegestrol-suppresses adrenal steroid synthesis. SE-increased risk of blood clots, hot flashes | Anti-estrogens |
Anastrozole, letrozole, Fulvestrantprevents conversion of androgens to estrogens in fat tissue | aromatase inhibitors |
Trastuzumab, rituximab (ends in mab) Marks cell for attack by immune system, delivers antitumor agent, blocks cell receptors. SE-hypersensitivty/anaphylaxis, cardiac toxicity (trast), wound dehiscince (bevac), acne like rash (cetux) | Monoclonal antibodies |
Ondansetron, granisetron (end in setron) Selectively block serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the GI tract and the CTZ. Useful for N/V side effects. SE-headache, diarrhea, constipation | Serotonin antagonists |
Prochlorperazine, Trimethobenzamide. Blockade of dopamine receptors in the CTZ (relieves N/V)-SE-sedation, hyptension, EPS | Phenothiazines |
Dexamethasone, Methlypredisolone. For N/V, decreased appetite | Corticosteroids |
Dronabinol. Used for N/V, decreased appetite.Likely due to depression of higher cortical pathways leading to emetic center. | Cannabinoids |
Lorazepam. Amnestic, anxiolytic, and sedative | Benzodiazepines |
Goserelin, Leuprolide. Hormonal negative feedback loop that results in suppression of the release of testosterone and estrogen. SE-Bone mineral density loss (Leuprolide) | GRH Agonist |
Biculatamide, Flutamide, Nilutamide. Nonsteroidal agents that competitively inhibit the binding of androgens to the androgen receptors in the prostate. | Antiandrogens |
Blocks expression of oncogene or replace missing/defective tumor suppressor gene | Gene therapy |
Interfer with proteins involved in apoptosis, causing cell death | Apoptosis-inducing drugs |
Prevents the growth of blood vessels to support tumor cells | Angiogenesis inhibitors |
Imatinib (tyrosine Kinase inhibitor)Gefitinib,Erlotinib (EGFR-TK inhibitor)Block enzymes and growth factor receptors involved in tumor cell growth | Small molecule drugs |
Chemotherapuetic agent associated with pulmonary fibrosis | bleomycin |
Chemotherapuetic agent associated with hemorrhagic cystitis | cyclophosphamide |
Chemotherapuetic agent associated with cardiomyopathy | doxorubicin |
Chemotherapuetic agent associated with renal toxicity | cisplatin |
chemotherapuetic agent associated with skin pigmentation | 5-flurouracil |
Tumor with good response to chemo | leukemias/lymphomas |
Tumor with good response to chemo | Germ cell tumors |
Tumor with good response to chemo | breast cancers |
Tumor with poor response to chemo | pancreatic cancer |
Tumor with poor response to chemo | melanoma |
Tumor with poor response to chemo | soft tissue sarcomas |
Blocks HER2 receptors | Herceptin |