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Rocks & Minerals

TermDefinition
IGNEOUS ROCK Made from cooled magma or lava; Ultimate source of all minerals i.e., granite
SEDIMENTARY ROCK Created when wind or water weathers existing rocks, plants & animal remains; Wind and water deposit the eroded particles into layers i.e., coal, limestone, shale
METAMORPHIC ROCK Made from igneous or sedimentary rocks changed by heat and pressure under Earth's surface; i.e., marble or slate
SEDIMENT Material (earth, stones & other matter) deposited by water, wind or glaciers; Over time turns into rocks
GRANITE INTRUSION A break in sedimentary rock with cross-cutting igneous rock; Causes problems when dating rocks
FOSSIL Remnant, impression or trace of an organism; Preserved in the Earth's crust from past geologic ages
LAW OF SUPERPOSITION Method of “dating” rocks or fossils; Oldest layers are on the bottom; Youngest layers are on the top
RADIOMETRIC DATING Method of “dating” rocks or fossils; Measures the decay of radioactive substances
ROCK CYCLE Magma cools into igneous rocks. Erosion occurs & igneous rocks becomes sediments. Through pressure and cementation which become sedimentary rock. Heat & pressure form metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks goes through heat and turns into magma
TYPES OF WEATHERING Breaking down of Earth's rocks, soils & minerals. Physical--(Direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice & pressure.) Chemical--(Alteration of the chemical & mineral composition of the weathered material.) (i.e., rust)
RELATIVE DATING PROBLEMS Folding (Bending of Earth’s Crust) Faults (Break in the Earth’s Crust) Granite Intrusion
MINERALS Building blocks of rocks found in nature; Naturally occurring substance
RADIOACTIVE DECAY the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles or radiation. The emission is spontaneous in that the nucleus decays without collision with another particle
Created by: pj johnson
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