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Pharmacology
Veterinary Cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Positive inotropic general | Increase cardiac output by increasing the strength of contractions, increase contractility |
| digoxin | elixer has higher bioavailability, +ionotrope, not commonly used anymore, SE: GI upset, arrythmias (esp, if already hypokalemic) |
| Epinephrine | + ionotrope, used in emergency, sympathiomimetic, used in CPR, IV ONLY |
| Dopamine | +ionotrope, CPR, IV ONLY |
| Dobutamine | +ionotrope, sympathiomimetic, use in CPR, IV ONLY |
| Pimobendan | Vetmedin, +ionotrope, vasodilator |
| Quinidine | Antiarrythmic, used in atrial fibrillation/VPC SE: GI upset, weakness, hypotension, horses (urticaria) |
| Procainamide | Antiarrythmic, atrial fibrillation/VPC's SE: GI upset, weakness, hypotension |
| Lidocaine | Antiarrythmic, 1st pass, no EPI (use neat!!), VPC's, cats are sensitive to lidocaine, SE: drowsy, seizures, ataxia, tremors, GI upset |
| Tocainide | Antiarrythmic, same as lidocaine |
| Propranolol | Antiarrythmic, beta blocker, treats atrial and ventricular tachyarrthymia and decreased blood pressure, SE: depression, hypotension, bronchoconstriction |
| Verapamil/Diltiazem | Antiarrythmic, negative chronotrope to treat atria tacyarrhythmias, SE: bradycardia, hypotension, depression, pulmonary edema, constipation |
| Atropine | Antiarrythmic, positive chronotrope, blocks parasympathetic system, regulates HR, speeds HR up |
| Hydralazine | Arteriolar dilator SE: increased HR, hypotension, Na/H2O retention if not given concurrently with a diuretic, GI upset |
| Nitroglycerin | Venodilator, Topical ointment, SE: rash at site, hypotension, headaches in people (animals?), wear gloves when using, rub it in in ear/groin/axilla, rotate sites to decrease the possibilities of a rash |
| Captropril | ACE inhibitor |
| ACE inhibitors in General | Cause both vasodilation and decreased Na and H2O retention, SE: hypotension, hyperkalemia (careful with K sparing diuretics), excretion: captopril and enalapril 95% by kidneys, benazepril 50:50 liver:kidney, decrease pre and after load |
| Enalapril | Enacard |
| Benazepril | Fortekor |
| Cardiovascular drugs in general | Low TI, liver and kidney function required, many drug interactions, SE commonly due to toxicity |
Created by:
jtwilks
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