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Historical Astronomy
Unit 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ptolemy | Developed the geocentric (earth centered) model of the universe |
| Copernicus | Developed the heliocentric (sun centered) model the universe |
| Geocentric Model | Earth is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it |
| Heliocentric Model | Sun is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it |
| Johannes Kepler | Developed three laws of planetary motion |
| Kepler's 1st Law | Planets' orbits are elliptical (not circles) |
| Kepler's 2nd Law | Planets closer to the sun travel faster |
| Kepler's 3rd Law | Planets farther from the sun take longer to go around (orbit) the sun |
| Galileo | Used the telescope to make observations; observed mountains and craters on the moon, discovered 4 of Jupiter's moons, saw the phases of Venus, & described sunspots |
| Isaac Newton | Explained the forces of gravity and inertia |
| Gravity | Force of attraction between two objects; gravity is determined by mass and distance |
| Inertia | Objects in motion stay in motion; used to explain why objects with gravitational attraction don't crash into one another |
| Hubble | Showed that the universe is constantly expanding |
| Cosmology | The study of the origins, structure, and future of the universe |
| Big Bang Theory | Theory that the universe began with an incredible explosion |
| Rotation | A planet turning on its axis (creates a night & day cycle) |
| Revolution | A plant moving around the sun (creates years) |
| Orbit | A planet's path around the sun |
| Ellipse | The oval shape of a planet's orbit |
| Causes of Seasons | Seasons on Earth are caused by the Earth's tilt. When the North Pole tilts toward the sun, it is summer; when the North Pole tilts away from the sun, it is winter. |
| Phases of the Moon | The changing appearance of the moon caused by the positions of the sun, Earth, and moon in space. |
| Moon Phases (in order beginning with New) | new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent, new |
| Waxing | When the moon's appearance seems to be growing (occurs after the new moon) |
| Waning | When the moons appearance seems to be shrinking (occurs after the full moon) |
| Solar Eclipse | When the shadow of the moon falls on the Earth (occurs during the new moon phase) |
| Lunar Eclipse | When the shadow the Earth falls on the moon (occurs during the full moon phase) |
| Telescope | An instrument that gathers light from objects in space and concentrates it for better observation. |
| Space Probe | An uncrewed vehicle (no people) that carries scientific instruments to planets of other bodies in space. |
| Artificial Satellites | A human-made object placed in orbit around a body in space. |
Created by:
jeffsingleton
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