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Bio vocab Ch 31.5,6
vocab 31.5,6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tissue | An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure or both. |
| tissue system | One or more tissues organized into a functional unit within a plant or animal. |
| dermal tissue system | The outer protective covering of plants. |
| epidermis | (1) In animals, the living layer or layers of cells forming the protective covering , or outer skin. |
| cuticle | (1) In animals, a tough, nonliving outer layer of the skin. (2)In plants, a waxy coating on the surface of stems and leaves that helps retain water. |
| vascular tissue system | A system formed by xylem and phloem throughout the plant, serving as a transport system for water and nutrients, respectively. |
| ground tissue system | A tissue of mostly parenchyma cells that makes up the bulk of a young plant and is continuous throughout its body. The ground tissue system fills the space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue system. |
| pith | Part of the ground tissue system of a dicot plant. Pith fills the center of a stem and may store food. |
| cortex | In plants, the ground tissue system of a root, made up mostly of parenchyma cells, which store food and absorb minerals that have pased through the epidermis. |
| vascular cylinder | A central cylinder of vascular tissue in a plant root. |
| endodermis | The innermost layer (a one-cell-thick cylinder ) of the cortex of a plant root; forms a selective barrier determining which substances pass from the cortex into the vascular tissue. |
| vascular bundles | A strand of vascualar tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a plant stem. |
| stoma (stomata) | A pore surrounded by a guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf. When stomata are open, CO2 enters a leaf, and water and O2 exit. A plant conserves water when its stomata are closed. |
| guard cells | A specialized epidermal cell in plants that regulates the size of a stoma, allowing gas exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells in the leaf. |
| mesophyll | The green tissue in the interior of a leaf; a leaf's ground tissue system; the main site of photosynthesis. |
| vein | In animals, a vessel that returns blood to the heart. (2) in plants, a vascular bundle in a leaf, composed of xylem and phloem. |
| parenchyma cells | In plants, a relatively unspeciaized cell with a thin primary wall and no secondary wall; functions in photosynthesis, food storage, and aerobic respiration and may differentiate into other cell types. |
| collenchyma cells | In plants, a cell with a thick primary wall and no secondary wall, functioning mainly in supporting growing parts. |
| sclerenchyma cells | IN plants, a supportive cell with rigid secondary walls hardened with lignin. |
| fiber | In animals, an elongate, supportive thread in the matrix of connective tissue; an extension of a neruron;a muscle cell. (2) In plants, a long, slender sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in a bundle. |
| sclereids | In plants, a very hard, dead sclerendchyma cell found in nutshells and seed coats; a stone cell. |
| water-conducting cells | A specialized , dead plant cell with lignin-containing secondary walls, arranged end to end, forming xylem tissue. |
| tracheids | A tapered, porous, water-conducting and supportive cell in plants. chains of tracheids or vessel elements make up the water-conducting , supportive tubes in xylem. |
| vessel elements | A short, open-ended, water-conducting and supportive cell in plants. Chains of vessel elements or tracheids make up the water-conducting , supportive tubes in xylem. |
| food-conducting cells | A specialized , living plant cell with thin primary walls; arranged end to end, such cells collectively form phloem tissue. Also called sieve-tube member. |
| sieve-tube members | A food-conducting cell in plant. Chains of sieve-tube members make up phloem tissue. |
| sieve plates | An end wall in a sieve-tube memeber the facilitaes the flow of phloem sap. |
| companion cell | In a plant, a cell connected to a sieve-tube member whose nucleus and ribosomes provide proteins for the sieve-tube member. |
| xylem | The non-living portion of a plant's vascular system that provides support and conveys xylem sap from the roots to the rest of the plant. Xylem is made up of vessel elements and/or tracheids, water-conducting cells. Primary xylem is derived from |
| phloem | The portion of a plant's vascular tissue system that conveys phloem sap throughout a plant. Phloem tissue is made up of sieve-tube members. |
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