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Sookdeo-Mitosis
Mitosis, Meiosis & Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| unicellular | a one celled organism |
| multicellular | many celled organism |
| prokaryote | cell that has no nucleus; ex. bacteria |
| eukaryote | cell that has a nucleus |
| DNA | molecule that contains the genetic information; contains instructions for growth, development & activities |
| chromosomes | chromatins compact into visible structures in early stages of cell division |
| cell cycle | life cycle of a eukaryotic cell, there are three parts: interphase, mitosis & cytokinesis |
| interphase | part of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing, cell spends most of the time in this stage |
| mitosis | in eukaryotes, part of the cell cycle where the nucleus divided; 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase & telophase |
| cytokinesis | division of the parent cell's cytoplasm, now there are two cells |
| meiosis | type of cell division that produces haploid cells such as egg cells & sperm cells |
| homologous chromosomes | pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and size |
| asexual reproduction | one organism produces one or more new organisms that are identical to itself |
| sexual reproduction | two parents contribute a sex cell to the new organisms; half from mom & half from dad so offspring are not identical to either parent |
| fertilization | a sperm cell and an egg cell joined together |
| binary fission | asexual: reproduction in prokaryotes where the parent splits in two, producing two new cells which are genetically identical to the parent |
| budding | asexual: organism develops a tiny bud on its body which grows to a full-sized organism that is genetically identical to the parent |
| cell | smallest unit that can perform all life processes |
| sex cell | a male produces sperm cells and a female produces egg cells |
| spore | asexual: specialized cells that can survive in harsh conditions; carried by the wind; both prokaryote & eukaryotes can form spores |
| vegetative reproduction | asexually: through mitosis new plants grow from roots, stems & leaves; runners are above ground stems, tubers are underground stem and plantlets are tiny plants that grow around the edges of a plant's leaves. |
| zygote | name for the new cell formed when the egg cell is fertilized by the sperm cell |
| prophase 1 | stage in meiosis where crossing over occurs to create genetic variety |
| diploid | two complete sets of chromosomes; known as somatic cells;2n |
| haploid | single set of chromosomes;sex cells; n |
| chromatid | half of a replicated chromosome |
| centriole | organelle involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division |
| gametes | reproductive cells such as egg and sperm cells; sex cells |
| daughter cells | cells that result from cell division |
| somatic cell | all body cells |
| regeneration | asexual: organism capable of regrowing certain body parts |
Created by:
dsookdeo
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