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ES-Unit 5
ES-Unit 5 - Rocks & Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Building block of rocks |
| Color | Not a good mineral ID characteristic but is used for determining Igneous Rocks |
| Luster | How a mineral reflects light - metallic or non-metallic |
| Hardness | Determined by scratching a mineral with a tool or other mineral. Mohs scale of 1 (soft - talc) - 10 (hard - diamond) |
| Streak | Used for determining mineral's true color, powder form of mineral on a black or white ceramic tile |
| Metamorphic Rock | Deformation of other rocks by extreme heat/pressure, causes recrystalization and flattening of minerals into foliated stripes. |
| Igneous Rock | Formed by cooling magma or lava - intrusive or extrusive forms |
| Sedimentary Rock | Formed from lithification of sediments into rock or crystallized precipitate (halite or calcite). Often appears as layers. |
| Intrusive | Large or medium sized crystals, slow cooling, rough 'texture', formed by magma, molten rock beneath Earth's surface |
| Extrusive | small crystals (fine grained) or glassy texture, cools quickly, may have holes from trapped gasses, formed by Lava - volcanic rock outside Earth's surface |
| Foliated | Minerals are shown in bands or stripes, occurs in metamorphic rock |
| Organic | Rock that is made of once-living organisms (plant or animal) |
| Lithification | Cementation of particles together by minerals in solution, the process that forms Sedimentary Rock |
| Crystal | The unique arrangement of atoms in an ordered structure that creates an outward mineral shape. (cube, octagonal, etc.) |
| Intrusion | Liquid rock that solidifies within the cracks of an existing rock, creating veins of a new mineral. (gold veins, quartz) |
| Ore | A mineral that contains a useful substance that must be extracted & purified for use. |
| Clastic sedimentary | Detrital rock that is cemented together through lithification, a type of Sedimentary rock |
| Chemical sedimentary | Non-clastic sedimentary rock that is formed when minerals crystallize or precipitate out of solution. Examples: Halite, Calcite |
| Non-Foliated | Metamorphic rock that has been recrystallized but does not show distinct bands. (ex. Marble) |
| Acid Test | Useful for identifying forms of Calcium Carbonate rocks such as Limestone, Calcite, & Marble. |
| Planar Cleavage | Exhibited by Muscovite mica, the sheets break off in thin layers due to weak molecular bonds |
| Granite | Igneous intrusive rock, coarse grain (medium or large crystals), made of three minerals (including quartz), Silicate family of rocks, used as gravel & mined in Piedmont |
| Basalt | Igneous extrusive rock, fine grain (small crystals), Volcanic, dark color, magnetic qualities due to Magnesium and Iron components |
| Halite | chemical sedimentary rock, commonly known as table salt |
| Calcite | mineral is formed from shells that have dissolved into water then depositing as a chemical sedimentary, carbonate family, major component in limestone and marble |
| Gneiss | Foliated metamorphic rock, formed from Granite, colored bands of minerals formed during compression and recrystallization |
| Quartz | Silicate, Major component of sand, glass, computer chips |
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tejneckyc