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Ch. 15 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 15.1 Nutrient | the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all essential processes. |
| Calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. |
| Carbohydrate | nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are a major source of energy. |
| Glucose | the major source of energy for your body's cells. |
| Fat | energy-containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. |
| protein | nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| Amino acid | small units that make up proteins. |
| Vitamin | helper molecules. |
| Mineral | nutrients that are not made by living things. |
| Food Guide Pyramid | a diagram that helps people plan a healthy diet. |
| Percent Daily Value | how the nutritional content of one serving fits into the recommended. |
| Dietary reference Intakes | guidelines that show the amounts of nutrients that are needed every day. |
| 15.2 Digestion | the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. |
| Absorption | the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system |
| Saliva | the fluid released when your mouth waters |
| enzyme | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that moves when you swallow. |
| esophagus | a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. |
| mucus | a thick slippery substance produced by the body. |
| peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction. |
| stomach | a J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen. |
| 15.3 small intestine | the part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion takes place. |
| liver | the largest organ inside the body. |
| bile | a substance that breaks up fat particles. |
| gall bladder | the organ that stores bile. |
| pancreas | a triangular organ that lies between the stomach. |
| villus | millions of tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the surface. |
| large intestine | the last section of the digestive system. |
| rectum | a short tube where the waste material is compresses into a silof form. |
| anus | a muscular opening at the end of the rectum. |
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