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Vocab D
Unit D-Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allele | a variant, or version of a gene. |
| asexual reproduction | a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only |
| carrier | a person or other organism that possesses a particular gene, especially as a single copy whose effect is masked by a dominant allele |
| cell division | the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material. |
| characteristic | a feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing and serving to identify it. |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
| clone | an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical. |
| co-dominance | two different alleles that are fully expressed in a heterozygous individual. |
| DNA | a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| DNA fingerprinting | the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals. |
| dominant | relating to or denoting heritable characteristics that are controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring even when inherited from only one parent. |
| egg cell | egg cell - the female reproductive cell; the female gamete |
| fertilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
| gene | a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
| genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| heterozygous | having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic. |
| homozygous | having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics. |
| incomplete dominance | the appearance in a heterozygote of a trait that is intermediate between either of the trait's homozygous phenotypes. |
| inherited | derive genetically from one's parents or ancestors. |
| mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA. |
| "Nature vs Nurture" | whether heredity or the environment most impacts human psychological development (behavior, habits, intelligence, personality, sexuality, aggressive tendencies, and so on). |
| offspring | a person's child or children. |
| pedigree | the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family. |
| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| probability | the likelihood of something happening or being the case. |
| Punnett square | a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. |
| random | made, done, happening, or chosen without method or conscious decision. |
| recessive | relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents. |
| sexual reproduction | the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (genders). |
| sperm cell | the male reproductive cell; the male gamete. |
| trait | a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
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mfocht79
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