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Vocab D

Unit D-Genetics

TermDefinition
allele a variant, or version of a gene.
asexual reproduction a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only
carrier a person or other organism that possesses a particular gene, especially as a single copy whose effect is masked by a dominant allele
cell division the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.
characteristic a feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing and serving to identify it.
chromosome a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
clone an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical.
co-dominance two different alleles that are fully expressed in a heterozygous individual.
DNA a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
DNA fingerprinting the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals.
dominant relating to or denoting heritable characteristics that are controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring even when inherited from only one parent.
egg cell egg cell - the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
fertilization the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
gene a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
genetics the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
genotype the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
heterozygous having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic.
homozygous having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.
incomplete dominance the appearance in a heterozygote of a trait that is intermediate between either of the trait's homozygous phenotypes.
inherited derive genetically from one's parents or ancestors.
mutation the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA.
"Nature vs Nurture" whether heredity or the environment most impacts human psychological development (behavior, habits, intelligence, personality, sexuality, aggressive tendencies, and so on).
offspring a person's child or children.
pedigree the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family.
phenotype the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
probability the likelihood of something happening or being the case.
Punnett square a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
random made, done, happening, or chosen without method or conscious decision.
recessive relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents.
sexual reproduction the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (genders).
sperm cell the male reproductive cell; the male gamete.
trait a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.
Created by: mfocht79
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