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chapter 7/8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crust | Earths solid rocky surface contains continents and ocean floor |
| Original horizontality | The idea that many kinds of rock form flat, horizontal layers |
| Continental drift | The idea that a supercontinent split into pieces, the continents, which drifted into their present location |
| Sea-floor spreading | The idea that new crust is forming at ridges in the sea floor, spreading apart the crust on either side of the ridges |
| Magma | Hot, molten rock beneath Earth's surface |
| Plate tectonics | The idea that Earth's surface is broken into plates that slide slowly on the mantle |
| Mantle | The layer beneath Earth's crust |
| Subduction | The sliding of a denser ocean plate |
| Fault | A huge crack in Earth's surface at or below the surface, the sides of which may show evidence of motions |
| focus | the point where an earthquake starts as rocks begin to slide past each other |
| seismic wave | a vibration that spreads out away from a focus when an earthquake happens |
| epicenter | The point on earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| aftershock | shaking of earth's crust after the initial shaking of an earth quake |
| seismograph | a sensitive device that detects the shaking of Earth's crust during an earthquake |
| Magnitude | the amount of energy released by an earthquake |
| vent | the central opening in an volcano through which magma may escape |
| lava | magma that reaches Earth's surface and flows out of a vent |
| crater | a cup like hollow that forms at the top of the volcano around the vent |
| hot spot | a very hot part of the sun's mantle where magma can melt through a plate moving above it |
| cinder cone volcano | a steep sided cone that forms from explosive eruptions of hot rocks |
| shield volcano | a wide gently sloped cone that forms from fomes of lava |
| composite volcano | a cone formed from explosive eruptions of hot rock followed by a flow of lava over and over |
| geothermal energy | energy from heat within the earth |
| Fold Mountain | A mountain made up mostly of rock layers folded by being squeezed together. |
| Fault-block mountain | A mountain made by huge tilted blocks of rock separated from surrounding rocks by faults |
| Weathering | The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by natural process |
| Erosion | The picking up and removal of rock particles |
| Soil | A mixture of weathered rock, decayed plant and animal matter, living things, air, and water |
| Humus | Material in humus formed by the break down of plant and animal material |
| Soil Horizon | Any of the layers of soil from the surface to the bedrock below |
| Ground Water | Water that soaks into soil and rock by collecting in spaces between rock particles |
| Mass Wasting | The downhill movement of Earth material by gravity |
| Deposition | The dropping off of setiment |
| Glacier | A big sheet of ice and snow that moves slowly over land |
| Till | A jumble of many sizes of sediment deposited by a glacier |
| Moraine | A deposit of many sizes of sediment in front of or along the sides of a glacier |
| Mineral | A natural occouring solid in Earth's crust with a definite structure and composition |
| Igneous Rock | A rock that when hot, liquid lava cools and hardens into a solid |
| Sedimentary Rock | A rock that forms from pieces of other rocks that are squeezed or centimented together |
| Metamorphic Rock | A rock that forms from another kind of rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical change |
| Rock Cycle | Rocks continualy changing from one kind to another in a never ending procces |
| Super Position | The idea that in a series of rock layers, the bottom layer is the oldest and the top layer is the youngest |
| Relative Age | The age of a rock as compared with another rock |
| Geologic Column | A listing of Earth's rock layers in order of oldest to youngest |
| Fossil | Any trace, imprint, or remains of a living thing preserved in Earth's crust |
| Index Fossil | The remains of a living thing that was wide spread but lived for a short part of Earth's history |
| Half-life | The time it takes for half the mass of a radioactive Element in a rock to break apart, pf decay in to other elements |
| Absolute Age | The age of a rock in years, as determined by measuring the decay rate of it's radioactive elements |
| Era | One of the long stretches of time in Earth's history: from the earliest Precambrian era, through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, to the current Cenozoic era. |
Created by:
17htward51
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