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Biology Unit 7

WSHS - Biology Unit 7 Terms - DNA and RNA

QuestionAnswer
Fredrick Griffith studied why bacteria makes people sick
smooth edges stain of bacteria that causes pneumonia
rough edges what harmless bacteria has
transformation process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another stain of bacteria
DNA deozyribose nucleic acid; made up of subunits of nucleotides; has 2 strands
nucleotides have 3 parts; 1 - sugar deoxyribose) 2 - phosphate 3 - nitrogen
genes make up DNA
DNA makes up chromosomes
double helix named by Watson and Crick; DNA is made up of a double helix
replication when chromosomes (DNA) double; 3 steps 1 - DNA unzips 2 - each strand finds other half 3 - both new half zip back up
RNA the DNA's messenger; only one strand; it's sugar is ribose; located on ribosomes in the cytoplasm; different nitrogen base than DNA; has uricil instead of thymine
ribosome where the MRNA goes once the DNA code has been copied
transcription process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA
nitrogen bases read in groups of 3
codons groups of nitrogen bases that represent amino acids
translation decoding of an MRNA message into a polypeptide chain; also the process of TRNA brining the correct amino acids to the ribosomes
mutation mistake in the DNA code
mutent anyone who shows or expresses a mutation
mutagenic agent causes of mutations, i.e. toxic chemicals, certain drugs, radiation; UV rays, excess alcohol
point mutation change in one nitrogen base of DNA
frame shift mutation change in one nitrogen base by adding or deleting
selective breeding man mating organisms that have certain traits that are wanted
inbreeding mate closely related; you get the good with the bad
genetic engineering done in the lab; changing the DNA sequence
recombinant DNA DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
transgenic any organism that has foreign DNA
plasmid circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
clone member of a population of genetically identical organisms produces from a single cell
bacteria the best transgenic to use; it has been used to make growth hormone, insulin and clotting agents
four nitrogen bases of DNA A/T adenine:thymine and C/G cytosine:guainine
thymine the nitrogen base that is replaced in DNA when RNA is transcribed
uracil the nitrogen base that becomes the RNA
protein the coding of DNA is necessary for making protein
amino acids the building blocks of protein
Created by: ktedder
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