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Nutrition and Diet
Chapters 1-12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| protein | helps build and repair body tissue |
| malnutrition | from eating too much and too little |
| low nutrition density foods | are cookies, potato chips and candy |
| osteoporosis | it is necessary that we have an adequate intake of calcium in order to help prevent bone degeneration |
| BUN | is a test that can help analyze if we might have kidney failure |
| three-day food record | the most common method of assessing a dietary history |
| diabetes | is caused by an increase of obese |
| iron deficiency | is most common in the US |
| scurvy | is related to a vitamin C deficiency |
| lipid profile | includes triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol |
| goiters | is caused by a deficiency of iodine |
| eating a high protein diet | is not necessarily beneficial |
| losing weight | it is best to lose 1-2 pounds per week |
| hypertension | can be linked to high intake of salt |
| weight gain | can be prevented if that a person has at least 60 mins. of exercise each day |
| milk | a fortified with vitamin D |
| regulation of food labeling | became mandatory in 1994 |
| food labels | demand total carbs and cholesterol |
| low sodium | a product must have a measurement of below 140 mg per serving |
| Chinese food | is usually high in sodium |
| Jewish laws | all food is called kosher when it is prepared |
| Jewish dietary laws | according to Jewish laws meat and dairy products may not be eaten together |
| Some religions consider | alcohol, tea and coffee harmful (mostly Mormons) |
| Ketoacidosis | occurs when too little carbohydrate is consumed to provide energy |
| carbohydrates | are changed to glucose before they are absorb. |
| insulin | controls glucose metabolism |
| hyperglycemia | another name for high blood sugar |
| carbohydrates | provide the most energy for our bodies |
| bran | is the outer covering of a grain kernel |
| B vitamins | are mostly found in the germ |
| dextrose | is another term for glucose |
| fruits and cereals | are a good sources of carbohydrates |
| iron | is sometimes added to grain products |
| potatoes | are complex carbs |
| appetite | is a psychological desire for food |
| water | does not provide energy |
| osteoporosis | is a deficiency of calcium and vitamin D that causes bones to become soft |
| we must eat | food in order to obtain essential nutrients |
| Mediterranean diet | does not contain much meat. |
| Japanese diet | does not use milk |
| folic acid deficiency | causes neural tube defects |
| Ketoacidosis | can be fatal |
| diabetes | is not the cause of obesity |
| carbs | are the major source of energy |
| carbs | provide 50% of the calories for people living in the US. |
| fat | helps provide energy, protects organs and bones and is a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins |
| monounsaturated fats | are good fats such as olive and canola oil |
| omega 3 fatty acids | are a polyunsaturated fat |
| eggs, biscuits and shrimp | contain cholesterol |
| we can control our diet and cholesterol by | reducing saturated fats |
| fat digestion | takes places in the small intestine |
| lipoproteins | carry fats through the body |
| LDL | is bad cholesterol |
| HDL | is good cholesterol and we can increase this by exercise, diet and stop smoking |
| olives | contain good fat |
| visible fat | are fats we can see such as cooking oil |
| egg whites | contain no fat and olive oil and avocados all contain good fat |
| animal organs | contain cholesterol |
| vegans | usually consume incomplete proteins |
| low protein diet | can cause edema |
| pepsin | is an enzyme secreted by the stomach that is essential for protein digestion |
| tofu | is made from soy milk and not a high quality protien |
| new tissue | is being formed such as during pregnancy a positive nitrogen balance occurs |
| PEM | is long term protein energy malnutrition can cause physical and mental retardation |
| marasmus | is a disease is caused by PEM and results in dry hair and thin skin |
| Kwashiorkor | is a disease caused by PEM and results in skin lesions |
| severe burns | causes negative nitrogen balance |
| corn and beans | are considered complementary proteins |
| digestion | begins in the mouth |
| complementary proteins | must be consumed in the same day |
| lean body mass | is heredity and climate can affect our BMR |
| BMR | decreases as our lean body mass decreases |
| metabolism | is the body's use of energy to conserve nutrients |
| BMR | can increase by fever, pregnancy and lactation |
| lean body mass | can decrease as we age |
| fats | are present in animal and plant sources |
| monounsaturated fats | lower our LDL |
| all animal sources | are not high quality complete proteins |
| tofu | is not a high quality protein |
| proteins | are necessary for the development of antibodies and a healthy immune system |
| nutrients | do not have to be in their most complex form to be absorbed |
| vitamins | do not give us energy but enables our body to use energy |
| vitamins | are essential for body processes |
| enriched or fortified | means foods have been supplemented with vitamins |
| steaming vegetables | help prevent loss of vitamin A, during cooking |
| rickets | can result from a vitamin D deficiency |
| sunlight | is the best source of vitamin D |
| liver damage | can occur when we take to much vitamin A |
| green leafy vegetables | are a good source of vitamin K |
| folate | helps prevent neural tube defects |
| hypervitaminosis | is the excess of one or more vitamins |
| milk, legumes, and egg yolks | all contain biotin |
| retaining minerals | in our food you need to cook in little water as possible |
| calcium and phosphorus | help build strong bones and teeth |
| vitamin D | helps us to absorb calcium |
| foods with vitamin C | helps iron absorb |
| iodine | is necessary for normal thyroid gland activity |
| lack of weigh bearing exercise | can reduce the amount of calcium absorbed in the body |
| we have more calcium | in our bodies than any other material |
| water | constitutes between 50 & 60% of our body weight |
| kidneys | help maintain electrolyte balance |
| dehydration | can cause us to have low blood pressure, dry skin and fever |
| water | is a solvent and we can only live between 10-14 days without water |
| calories | we need to consume 1 mL for every one we consume |
| positive water balance | can cause congestive heart failure |
| food | enters the fundus of the stomach first |
| villi | are in the small intestine and helps with absorption |
| peristalsis | is contractions that move food along the GI tract |
| final chemical digestion | of carbs occurs in the small intestines |
| cardiac sphincter | is located at the lower end of the esophagus |
| pylorus | is the end of the stomach nearest the small intestine |
| vitamin supplements | do not need to be taken if we eat a balanced diet |
| vitamins | found in our food are far superior to synthetic vitamins |
| mega doses of vitamins | can be toxic |
| cardiac sphincter | prevents acid from flowing back into the esophagus |
| digestion | occurs in the entire GT tract |
| nutrients | do not have to be in their complex form to be absorb |
| inner wall of the small intestine | is smooth |
| bolos | is a mouthful of food ready to be swallowed |
| acid reflux disease | is caused by malfunction of the cardiac sphincter |
| underweight pregnant women | should be between 28 and 40 pounds is a normal weight gain during pregnancy |
| vitamin A | does not need to be increased during pregnancy |
| hyperemesis gravidarum | is the condition when nausea persists and becomes so severe that it is life threatening |
| high-fiber foods | can relieve constipation and hemorrhoids |
| heartburn | can be relieved by eating small, frequent meals |
| Pica | is the craving for nonfood substances such as starch or clay |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | is the result of ingesting alcohol while pregnant |
| oxytocin | is initiated by an infant sucking, which causes the ejection of milk into the infant's mouth |
| vitamin A | in excess, can cause birth defects |
| pregnant adolescents | are particularly prone to pregnancy-induced hypertension |
| caffeine | can cause irritability in an infant from a nursing mother |
| infant meals | should be scheduled to feed on demand |
| a baby's weight | can double by the age of 6 months |
| burping | helps to prevent regurgitation |
| infants under the age of 1year | should avoid regular cow's milk because it is harder to digest than the mother's milk, can cause gastrointestinal blood loss, and is harder for the kidneys to filter |
| tooth decay | may result when a baby is regularly put to bed with a bottle in its mouth |
| c. botulinum | is a microorganism that have been known to contaminate honey |
| nuts | should not be offered to babies |
| breast milk | is the best food for premature infants |
| a good example of nutritious snack for a child under the age of 4 | is cheese and crackers |
| adolescents | typically prefer to imitate their peers |
| dietary habits, weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus | is rarely seen before in children, is now being diagnosed in children as young as 10 years of age |
| treatment plans for people with anorexia nervosa | is centered on providing family and individual counseling |
| alcoholism | can cause accumulation of fat on the liver |
| marijuana | can cause hunger for sweets |
| athletes | need greater quantities of sodium and potassium |
| iron | is needed throughout women's childbearing years in higher quantities |
| bone loss | usually begins between the ages of 35 to 40 |
| caloric requirement | in adults usually begin to decrease after the age of 25 |
| overweight | is most commonly caused by an energy imbalance |
| as the body ages | bone destiny and metabolism decrease |
| osteoporosis | can cause a decrease in height |
| estrogen replacement therapy | is a medical treatment for prevention of both osteoporosis and heart disease |
| calcium-rich foods and sufficient vitamin D | by eating that everyday it is believed to reduce the chance of developing osteoporosis |
| excessive amounts of phosphorus | can cause osteoporosis by speeding up bone loss |
| arthritis symptoms | can be treated with regular aspirin for people who arthritis also needs additional iron |
| arthritis | causes joints to be painful and stiff by causing structural changes in cartilage of the joints |
| hypertension | is another term for high blood pressure |
| heart attack and stroke | are the two major causes of death in the United States |
| plaque | is a fatty substance containing cholesterol that accumulates in the walls of the artery |
| Geriatrics | is the branch of medicine involved with the disease of the elderly |
| it is recommend that pregnant women | should always drink 2 to 3 servings of fat-free milk |
| nausea | is associated with pregnancy, or morning sickness, could be life-threating |
| smoking during pregnancy | may affect the intellectual and behavior development of the fetus as it grows up |
| folate | research has shown that a lack of an intake of this vitamin during pre-pregnancy may result in neural tube defects for the baby |
| when alcohol is ingested by a mother | it enters the fetal blood stream in the same concentration as the mother's |
| kilocalorie | decreases after the age of 35; however nutrient requirements do not |
| weight reduction | is undertaken, the client should confirm with their physician that they are in good health |
| estrogen loss | that occurs after menopause contributes to osteoporosis |
| economic changes | occur that affects nutrition as people age |
Created by:
Bearlover
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