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CP Chap 10
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Griffith's experimental contribution? | He learned that heat-killed harmful bacteria can transfer disease-causing ability to harmless bacteria (transformation). His experiments were done with mice. |
| What is Avery's experimental contribution? | He found that DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria. |
| what is transformation? | when genetic material is passed from one cell to another |
| What is the hershey and chase experiment? | Studied bacteriophages. Used a blender to separate the protein and the DNA in phages. Found that DNA is responsible for hijacking bacteria and is thus the hereditary material in viruses. |
| Who is credited for discovering the shape of DNA? | Watson and Crick |
| Who was an expert in x-ray diffraction and took pictures of DNA? | Rosalind Franklin |
| What is photo 51? | Franklin's picture of DNA that proved that DNA had a helix shape. |
| Why didn't Rosalind Franklin get the Nobel Prize | She was dead before it was granted AND she wasn't given due credit for her work. |
| DNA is made of building blocks called... | nucleotides |
| what are the parts of a nucleotide? | phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base |
| what are the bases of DNA | adenosine, thymine, cytosine, guanine |
| What holds the bases together? | hydrogen bonds |
| what is a purine and a pyrimidine? | a type of nitrogenous base. Purines are two-ringed structures and pyrimidines are one-ringed structures. |
| are the hydrogen bonds weak or strong? | weak- we had tools to break them in class when we extracted strawberry DNA |
| Who is the scientist that found that A pairs with T and C with G? | Chargaff |
| What does it mean to be a complementary base pair? | it means A bonds with T and C bonds with G |
| what makes up the backbone of DNA? | sugar and phosphate |
| what kind of sugar is in DNA? | deoxyribose |
| what kind of sugar is in RNA? | ribose |
| How is RNA different than DNA? | 1. RNA is shorter, 2. RNA has U instead of T, 3. RNA is single stranded |
| Is this base sequence DNA or RNA: AUCGCUCG | RNA |
| What is DNA replication? | the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before it divides. |
| What enzyme is responsible for unzipping DNA? | helicase |
| What do call the Y-shaped region of DNA that results when it is unzipped? | the replication fork |
| Which enzyme adds nucleotides to build DNA during replication? | DNA polymerase |
| What does it mean to say that DNA is semi conservative? | When DNA replicates it has one old strand and gains one new strand |
| What is a mutation? | a change in the DNA code (a change in the bases) |
| are all mutations bad? | no some are not harmful or helpful and others can actually be beneficial. |
| What is the central dogma of biology? | DNA to RNA to Protein |
| What is transcription? | When mRNA is made from DNA's code |
| Where does transcription take place? | in the nucleus |
| What enzyme completes transcription? | RNA polymerase |
| What is translation? | when mRNA is read to create a protein |
| where does translation take place? | in the cytoplasm at a ribosome |
| what is rRNA? | RNA that builds ribosomes |
| What is mRNA? | messenger RNA that transcribes DNA's code |
| what is tRNA? | transfer RNA - it transfers amino acids |
| which strand provides the code for amino acids? | mRNA |
| what do you call a chain of amino acids? | a polypeptide or a protein |
| what is the codon? | the 3 mRNA letters |
| What is the anticodon? | the 3 tRNA letters |
| in a prokaryotic cell which occurs first transcription or translation? | both occur simultaneously |
| in a eukaryotic cell which occurs first transcription or translation | transcription |
| what is the human genome project? | the project that sequenced all the bases pairs of the human genome (all the DNA in a cell) |
Created by:
ruth.baker
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