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Genes & Heredity-1
Genes & Heredity (Part 1 of 2)
Term | Definition |
---|---|
GREGOR MENDEL | First scientist to discover the laws of genetics Through his work with pea plants |
HEREDITY | Sum of characteristics based on genes Inherited from one's ancestors (Parent to Offspring) |
GENE | Part of the chromosome Determines a specific trait(s) Occupies a fixed position on the chromosome |
ALLELES | Two genes Determine Trait of Organism |
HETEROZYGOUS | Two DIFFERENT genes for the same trait (Bb) ONE dominant “B” and ONE recessive “b” |
HOMOZYGOUS | BOTH genes of a trait are the same i.e., PP or pp |
Law of INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT | Each trait determined independently |
DOMINANT TRAIT | Genetic trait Present in either allele Appears in the individual (offspring) Written as capital letter “B” |
RECESSIVE TRAIT | Genetic trait IF BOTH parents contribute—Appears in the offspring IF ONE parent contributes —does not appear; dominant trait shown Written as lower case letter “b” May appear in later generations |
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE | Dominant trait does not totally mask a recessive trait Both genes are expressed/appear i.e.,- a blue eye gene and a brown eye gene may produce green eyes |
GENOTYPE | Genetic make-up Showing both alleles governing a trait i.e., Blood Type |
PHENOTYPE | Way an organism appears Can be observed (seen) |