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carmens pharm exam2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antiviral Agents | Treats virus other than HIV (chickenpox, shingles, herpes, influenza) *impairs viral replication |
| Acyclovir (Zovirax) | Antiviral agent *treats herpes *not curative, episodes may recur |
| Tamiflu | Antiviral *Influenza A &B *Start within 2 days of symptom onset *Tx. BID for 5 days |
| Antiretroviral | *used to treat HIV * reduces viral concentration |
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy *combination drug therapy |
| Zidovudine (AZT) (Retrovir) | Antiretroviral (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor) (NRTI's) - improves T-cell counts - suppresses bone marrow |
| Indinavir (Crixavan) | Antiretroviral (Pretease Inhibitors) (PI's) * increase CD4 cell count * risk or kidney stones, keep hydrated |
| Enfurirtide (Fuzeon) | Antiretroviral (Fusion Inhibitor) * used in combination with other drugs * injectable, causes pain at injection site |
| T-cells (T-Lymphocytes) | white blood cells (CD4 & CD8) |
| CD4 Counts & Percentages | - lab test to see how well the antiviral is working & to monitor the immune system *below 200-250 or below 15% = increased risk for infection |
| Tx. requirements for Tuberculosis | *compliance ESSENTIAL *6-12 months on drugs * 2-7 concurrent medications *Tx. of those living close or exposed |
| Isoniozid (INH) | TB Drug - cidal/inhibits cell wall synthesis - side effects (numbess & tingling) |
| Rifampin (Rifadin) | TB Drug - inhibits RNA synthesis - colors/stains secretions reddish/orange |
| Mycosis | fungal infection *usually occurs in immunocompromised |
| Amphotericin B | Antifungal Systemic Tx. *treats aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candida, coccidomycoses *horrible side effects, pre medicate |
| Nystatin (Nystat) | Antifungal Superficial Tx. *vagina, skin, mouth *topical, oral suspension, lozenge, vag supp., topical cream *Oral suspension - swish 2 min |
| Chloroquine (Aralen) | Antimalarial *parasitic infections |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | Antiprotozoal ambicidal drug *causes metallic taste in mouth & dark colored urine *Toxoplasmosis = from cat feces |
| Antihelmintics | very specific to specific worm *Dx. of exact worm is very important for correct Tx. |
| SNS Stim - Pupils | Dilate |
| SNS Stim - Salvation | Decreases |
| SNS Stim - Bronchi | Dilate |
| SNS Stim - Heart Rate | Increases |
| SNS Stim - GI Motility | Decreases |
| SNS Stim - Bladder Detuser | Contracts |
| SNS Stim - Urinary sphincter | Contracts |
| SNS Stim - Glucose releases from liver | Stimulated |
| SNS Stim - Insulin Release | Increase or Decrease |
| SNS Stim - Uterus muscle | contracts & relaxes |
| PSNS Stim - Pupils | Constrict |
| PSNs Stim - Salvation | Increases |
| PSNS Stim - Bronchi | Contricts |
| PSNS Stim - Heart Rate | Decreases |
| PSNS Stim - GI Motility | Increases |
| PSNS Stim - Bladder Detuser | Contracts |
| PSNS Stim - Urinary Sphincter | Relaxes |
| Alpha 1 | - Postsynaptic cells of SNS - Found in many organs, especially vascular smooth muscle - Vasoconstriction - Decreases secretions, decreases GI motility, urinary sphincter contracts, pregnant uterus contracts/relaxes, male sex organ - ejaculation) |
| Alpha 2 | - Presynaptic nerve endings of SNS - Found in many organs, especially vascular smooth muscle - Vasodilation - Decreases secretions, decreases GI motility, urinary sphincter contracts, pregnant uterus contracts/relaxes, male sex organ - ejaculation |
| Beta 1 | -Postsyanaptic cells of SNS - heart & kidneys - increases contractibility - Increases heart rate - Increases conduction - Increases renin release |
| Beta 2 | - Postsynaptic cells of SNS - Resp. Tract, Liver, Muscle, Uterus - Bronchodilation - Vessel Dilation |
| Beta 3 | - Adipose tissue, Gallbladder, Urinary Bladder - Brown Fat Tissue - Increased Fatty acid in blood - Regulate body weight - relaxes bladder muscle |
| Inotrope | drug that affects cardiac contractibility (strengths & weakens) |
| Chromotrope | drug that affects cardiac rate (speeds & slows) |
| Dromotrope | drug that affects speed of AV conduction (speeds & slows) |
| Indications for Stimulating the SNS (Sympathomimetics) | *Bronchodilators for asthma & related resp. conditions * Mydriatics in open angle glaucoma * Decongestants for nasal congestion * Opthalmics for ocular congestion * Cardiac medications for heart failure |
| Epinephrine | Sympathomimetic Direct Acting -> Alphas & Beta 1 & 2 - Indications - Bronchoconstriction, COPD, Asthma, Analphyaxis - Side Effects - SNS stim, anxiety, angina, MI *Use caution with hypertension, EKG monitor & vitals q3-5 min |
| Anaphylaxis | Tx. Epinephrine (EpiPen) *thigh should be used for injection *held in place for 5-10 seconds *Emergency care obtained ASAP *Single use injection |
| Norepinephrine (Levophed) | Sympathomimetics Direct Acting -> Alphas & Betas 1 Indications - Hypotension Side Effects - SNS stim, extravasation, necrosis *Caution with hypertension, EKG monitor & vitals q3-5 min |
| Dobutamine (Dobutrex) | Sympathomimetics Vasoactive Pressor -> Beta 1 Indications - cardiac decompression, hypotension Side Effects - SNS Stim, ventricular ectopy, increased cardiac output, angina *caution with hypertension, EKG monitor & q3-5 min vitals |
| Indications to BLOCK the SNS Alpha Receptors | - headaches - women in labor - hypertensive clients - pts with IV drug extravasation |
| Phentolamine (Regitine) | Alpha Blocker - dilates arterioles, decreases BP, Increases cardiac output Indications - Extravasation of vasodilators, Dx & Tx of pheochromocytoma *monitor vitals, watch urine output, EKG |
| Indications to BLOCK the SNS Beta Receptors | - Angina, post MI, atrial/ventricular tacyarrthymias, hypertension, CHF - headaches - glaucoma |
| Propranolol (Inderal) | Beta Blocker (blocks Beta 1 & 2) Indications - Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias, prevention of MI Side Effects -decrease heart rate, bronchoconstriction, fatigue, weakness, decreases BP, wheezing, decreases libido * oral & IV, take @ same time Qday |
Created by:
cbeauvais
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