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DNA + genes
notes on dna + genes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gene | section of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein; makes up the genotype |
| traits | makes up the phenotype |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; found in the cell nucleus where it is packaged in chromosomes; double helix |
| diploid cells | have 2 of each kind of chromosome |
| haploid cells | have only 1 kind of chromosome |
| 46 | the number of chromosomes in humans |
| females | have 2 x chromosmes |
| males | have 1 x and 1 y chromosome |
| A | adenine |
| G | guanine |
| C | cytosine |
| T | thymine |
| U | uracil |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; 1 strand; uses ribose instead deoxyribose |
| Gregor Mendel | founder of modern genetics |
| Mendel's 1st Law | principle of segregation; when an individual makes sex cells, half the sex cells carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele |
| polygenic traits | traits determined by more than one gene |
| pleiotropy | a single gene affects more than one trait |