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Bella Nat 5 Unit 2
Monohybrid Inheritance
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Inherited characteristic | something that is passed from parents to offspring |
Sexual reproduction | offspring have genes from 2 parents, increases variation |
Asexual reproduction | offspring are clones of one parent |
Variation | the differences present in a species |
Discrete variation | differences that can be observed and fall into distinct categories |
Continuous variation | differences that are measured and fall over a range of values between a minimum and maximum |
Polygenic | something that is determined by many genes (generally causes continuous variation) |
Family tree | Genetic relationships between individuals in a family |
Phenotype | the physical appearance of a characteristic |
Genotype | the alleles that are present |
F1 generation | the first filial generation, offspring of parents |
F2 generation | the second filial generation, second generation down from parental |
P1 generation | parental generation |
Predicted ratio | the expected numbers of each type of offspring as worked out in the punnet square |
Punnet square | a method of working out what genotypes (and phenotypes) to expect from a cross |
Homozygous | genotype containing 2 of the same allele |
Allele | forms of a gene |
Homozygous recessive | genotype containing two copies of the recessive gene (aa) |
Homozygous dominant | genotype containing two copies of the dominant gene (AA) |
Heterozygous | genotype containing different alleles (Aa) |
Dominant | allele that only requires one copy to show in phenotype, shown as a capital letter |
Recessive | allele that requires two copies to show in phenotype, shown as a lower case letter |
Diploid | cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes |
Haploid | cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes |