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SLSBio12 Respiration
SLS Bio 12 Respiration SM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alveoli | a small cell containing air in the lungs, has surfactant to lubricate/protect sac from collapsing |
| Aortic Bodies | the aortic bodies involve chemoreceptors that regulate circulation and determine levels of blood oxygen concentration |
| Bicarbonate Ions | Where 70% of the carbon dioxide is carried, when carbon dioxide and water react they form carbaminohemoglobin which breaks down into bicarbonate ions |
| Bronchi | extensions of the trachea that shuttle air to and from the lungs. |
| Bronchioles | the tiny branches of air tubes within the lungs which are the continuation of bronchi and connect to the alveoli (air sacs). |
| Carbaminohemoglobin | a combination of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin, being one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. |
| Carbon Dioxide | accumulates in the tissues and removed from the body during exhalation |
| Carbonic Anhydrase | an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water, facilitating the transfer of carbon dioxide from tissues to blood and from blood to alveolar air. |
| Carotid Bodies | a small mass of cells and nerve endings adjacent to the carotid sinus that, in response to chemical changes in the blood, adjusts the respiratory rate. |
| Cilia | filters out dust and other material that enter the nose, small hair like in structure. Cilia moves back and forth pushing inhaled air towards the nostrils |
| Diaphragm | dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. Contracts with inhalation, relaxes during exhalation |
| Exhalation | to breathe out, causing the expel of CO2 from the body |
| External Respiration | taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation. |
| Hydrogen Ions | ionized hydrogen of the form H +, found in aqueous solutions of all acid such as the acid in our tissues (lactic) |
| Inhalation | the drawing of air or other substances into the lungs. |
| Intercostal (Rib) Muscles | A set of muscles found under the ribs that have a role in the contraction and relaxing of the chest area in breathing. |
| Internal Respiration | The interchange of gases between the blood and the tissues. |
| Larynx | voice box. A cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech |
| Lungs | The lungs are a pair of breathing organs located with the chest which remove carbon dioxide from and bring oxygen to the blood. There is a right and left lung. There are 3 sections in the right lung and 2 in the left for the heart. |
| Mucus | mucus in the respiratory system has a huge job to keep harmful objects out of our lungs. |
| Nasal Cavity | The cavity on either side of the nasal septum, extending from the nares to the pharynx |
| Oxygen | plays a crucial role in various biochemical and physiological processes, such as in cellular respiration, needed in order to breathe |
| Oxyhemoglobin | The bright red hemoglobin that is a combination of hemoglobin and oxygen from the lungs; oxyhemoglobin transports oxygen to the cells of the body. |
| pH | it is a measure to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution or a substance. Such as the neutral pH in external respiration or the slightly acidic pH in internal respiration |
| Pharynx | The cavity at the back of the mouth. It is cone shaped and is lined with mucous membrane. The pharynx opens into the esophagus at the lower end. |
| Pleural Membrane | enclose a fluid-filled space surrounding the lungs. The membranes and associated fluid serve to protect the lungs and to provide lubrication |
| Reduced Hemoglobin | hemoglobin lacking oxygen full of carbon dioxide |
| Respiratory Centre in the Medulla Oblongata | integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles |
| Respiratory Tract | The air passages from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli, through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi then to the bronchioles then alveoli then capillaries |
| Ribs | the lungs are protected by this cage of bones.They have an elastic layer called pleural membrane, or pleura for short. It protects the lungs from damage caused by friction with the rib cage during breathing. |
| Stretch Receptors | a proprioceptor in skeletal muscle, composed of muscle fibers and nerve endings, that conveys information on the state of muscle stretch.Like the diaphragm muscle |
| Thoracic Cavity | The body cavity of the human body protected by the thoracic walls, and located above the diaphragm and below the neck. |
| Trachea | The windpipe. Air passes from the pharynx to trachea and then divides into two bronchus. Plural is bronchi. |
Created by:
Smorrison
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