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chapter11
term | definition |
---|---|
Meiosis | The process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
Crossing-over | The process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |
Zygote | A fertilized egg. |
Homologous | The term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent. |
Diploid | The term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes. |
Haploid | The term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes. |
Codominance | A situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed. |
Incomplete dominance | A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele. |
Multiple alleles | A gene that has more than two alleles. |
Polygenic traits | A trait controlled by two or more genes. |
Independent assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. |
Probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene. |
Phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Segregation | The separation of alleles. |
Gametes | Sex cells. |
Genetics | The scientific study of heredity. |
Fertilization | The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. |
Trait | A specific characteristic of an individual. |
Gene | A factor that is passed from parent to offspring. |
Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
Principle of dominance | States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. |