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BIO 12-MOD1/1.2B
Lesson 1.2B Vocabulary Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dehydration Synthesis | a common process that joins monomers to build polymers; an -OH group (hydroxyl group) and an -H group (hydrogen atom) are removed as the reaction proceeds; as the monomers join, a water molecule is produced |
| Hydrolysis | reaction in which the cell degrades macromolecules by adding water molecules |
| Monosaccharide | molecules such as glucose and fructose, which are single sugars; each has a similar chemical formula of C6H12O6 |
| Disaccharide | (di, two; saccharide, sugar) composed of double sugars; dehydration synthesis is the process that joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide |
| Cellular energy | Plants produce energy from light through a process known as photosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells use their mitochondria to generate ATP through a process called cell respiration |
| Carbohydrate | made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1; the empirical or simplest formula for any carbohydrate is (CH2O)n |
| Hexose | is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6 |
| Glucose | is a carbohydrate, and is the most important simple sugar in human metabolism. |
| Starch | is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store. |
| glycogen | is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. |
| Inorganic molecules | non-living molecules that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, such as salt (NaCl) |
| organic molecules | always contain carbon and hydrogen |
| dehydration synthesis | a common process that joins monomers to build polymers; an -OH group (hydroxyl group) and an -H group (hydrogen atom) are removed as the reaction proceeds; as the monomers join, a water molecule is produced |
| macromolecules | many molecules joined together |
| polymer | a macromolecule created by the dehydration reaction of monomers |
| polysaccharides | are long chain molecules that contain many glucose subunits |
| hydrolysis reaction | reaction in which the cell degrades macromolecules by adding water molecules |
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WOOLGIRL
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