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Chapter 6 vocab
the water cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The vibration of earth produced by the rapid Release of energy | Earthquake |
| Vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake | Seismic |
| a fracture in earth along which movement has occured | Fault |
| the record made by a seismograph | Seimogram |
| a more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the richer scale, which is derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along the a fault zone | Moment magnitude |
| an instrument that records earthquakes waves | Seismograph |
| a seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling | S wave |
| a seismic wave travels along that travels along the surface of earth | surface |
| tendency for deform rock along a fault to spring back to its original shape | elastic rebond |
| a small earthquake that follows the main earthquake | aftershock |
| a small earthquake that often precedes a major earthquake | foreshock |
| earthquake that often precedes a major earthquake | P wave |
| a phenomenon, sometimes associated with earthquakes, in which soils and other with earthquakes,in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that is not able support buildings | liquefaction |
| the Japanese word for a seismic sea wave | tsunami |
| an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time | seismic gap |
| the thin, rocky outer layer of earth | crust |
| the 2890-kilometer-thick layer of earth located below the crust | mantle |
| the rigid outer layer of earth, including the crust and upper mantle | lithosphere |
| a weak plastic layer of the mantle situated below the lithosphere; the rock with in this zone | asthenosphere |
| a layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick; the outer core contains liquid iron generates earth's magnetic field | outer core |
| the solid innermost layer of earth, about 1220 kilometers in radius | inner core |
| the mohorovi`ci' c discontinuity, which is shortened to moho; it is the boundary separating the crust from the mantle, discernible by an increase in the velocity of seismic waver | Moho |
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