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Psychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Imaging technique that involves the use of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce a signal that can be interpreted by a computer |
| Computerized Axiel Tomography (CT or CAT) | Imaging technique that involves the production of a large number of X-Rays interpreted by a computer |
| Position Emission Tomography (Pet) | Imaging technique that involves the production of a large number of X-Rays interpreted by a computer |
| Functional MRI | a modification of the standard MRI procedure that allows both structural and temporal images of the brain to be gathered |
| Electroencephalograph (EEG) | Device that monitors and records electrical activity of the brain in the form of a graphic representation of brain waves |
| Hindbrain | Oldest of the 3 main divisions of the brain: Major Structures include Medulla, Pons, and Cerebellum |
| Reticular Formation | Nerve fibers passing through the midbrain that control arousal |
| Forebrain | Major Division of the brain that consists of subcortical structures and the cerebral cortex |
| Limbic System | System of interconnected subcortical structures that regulates emotions and motivated behaviors such as hunger thirst, aggression, and sexual behavior |
| Apraxia | Deficits in nonverbal skills |
| Aphasia | Problems in understanding or producing spoken or written language |
| Acetylcholine (ACh) | Involved in muscle movement and memory -low levels result in Alzheimer's |
| Dopamine | Involved in movement and reward centers Destruction of dopamine neurons can lead to Parkinson's Disease Implicated in the development of Schizophrenia |
| Gammaaminobutyricacid (Gaba) | Involved in levels of excitability Drugs used to treat anxiety reduce arousal |
| Norepinephrine | Influences arousal, mood, an reward centers Cocaine and amphetamines block reuptake |
| Serotonin | Involved in mood, appetite, sleep, aggression |
| Agonists | Drugs that enhance the effects of a particular neurotransmitter |
| Action Potential | Reversal in electrical charge of a neuron that occurs when the neuron fires |
| Endorphin's | Substances produced by the body that block pain, these substances are opium like chemicals |
| Neuromodulators | Chemicals that may have a widespread or general effect on the release of neurotransmitters |
| Antagonists | Drugs that oppose or inhibit the effects of a particular neurotransmitter |
| Nurotransmitters | Chemical substances that are stored in terminal buttons and released into the synapse between two neurons to carry signals from one neuron to the next |
| Synapse | Site where two or more neurons interact but do not touch |
| Gonads | Sex hormones |
| Endocrine System | System of Glands that produce and secret hormones |
| Hormones | Chemicals produced by the glands of the endocrine system |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Apart of the Autonomic system responsible for returning the body to a resting or balanced state |
| Reflex | Automatic behavior in response to a specific stimulus |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Apart of the Autonomic system responsible for mobilizing the body in times of stress preparing organisms for fight or flight |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Division of the peripheral nervous system involved in the control of bodily functioning through organs and glands |
| Efferent (Motor) | Nerves that carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles |
| Afferent (Sensory) | Nerves that carry information from the receptors to he spinal cord and brain |
| Somatic Nervous System | Division of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves coming from the receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
| Neurons | basic cells of the nervous system |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Division of the nervous system that consists of the neural fibers lying outside of the brain and spinal cord |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Receptors | Specialized cells that are sensitive to specific types of stimulus energy |
| Stimulus | Environmental feature that provokes a response from an organism |
| Behavioral Neuroscience | Focuses on the role of the nervous system in understanding behavior |
| Natural Selection | Charles Darwin: The process by which inherited characteristics that lead to an advantage in adapting to the environment are more likely to be passed on to future generations |
| Evolutionary Selection | Interested in looking for the adaptive benefits of selected human behaviors |
Created by:
Raiiiee
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