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2015-Pathology Def.
Pathology Terminolog
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pathology | Study of Disease & Disease Process |
| Myriad Nox ious Agents | Causes disease |
| Disease is caused by | Damage to Cellular and Tissue injury the membrane or Enzymes |
| Damage to the Membrane or enzymes create | Lesions |
| Cells need | Nutrients Oxygen Protection from toxins |
| Clinical pathology | Damaged cells release certain products that can be seen in lab tests |
| Somatic Death | Disappearance of Life from individual |
| Necrosis | Local Death of Tissue in LIVING ANIMAL |
| Anoxia | lack of Oxygen |
| Post Mortem Changes-Def | Changes that occur after death |
| 4 PM changes | 1) Cooling 2) Rigor Mortis 3) Blood changes 4) PM Degeneration |
| 1) Cooling | Rate of cooling of the body -Initial -Insulation -Environment |
| 2) Rigor Mortis | Stiffening of muscles 1-9 HOURS after death -Contraction of Muscle fibers due to energy supply decrease |
| 3) Blood Changes | a) Pool due to gravity b) Clot |
| 4) PM Degeneration | Decay of body an organs involved in two ways a) Autolysis b) Putrefaction |
| a) Autolysis | Breakdown of Cells and tissue cause by ENZYMES from BODY |
| b) Putrefaction | Break down of Cells and tissue cause by BACTERIA from ENVIRONM. or BODY (microorganisms) |
| Hypoxia | Lack of Oxygen |
| Cellular Degeneration | -Memb. Sodium-Potassium Pump dysfunction Changes intracellular and extracellular functions |
| Systemic | Effecting BODY as a WHOLE |
| Local | Specific to Area that is Effected |
| Li-que-faction | FLUID & SMALL Mol. CATABOLYSE + Removed through BLOOD STREAM & LYMPHATIC sys. |
| Sup-pur-ation | Liquefaction with PUS Formation |
| Py-o-genic Bacteria | PUS forming |
| Pus/Purlent EXUDATE | Semi-Liquid Necrotic |
| Lytic Enzymes | -Secreted by BACTERIA, DEAD TISS. CELLS & Dying NEUTRAPHILS |
| Sequ-est-ration | ENCAPSULATION without Liquefaction |
| D -esquamation + Sloughing (2 ways) | DEAD cells loosing their ATTACHMENT into space or lumen 1) Erosion 2) Ulceration |
| Erosion | Only SUPERFICIAL Epithelium |
| Ulceration | FULL thickening of Epithelium LOST -To BASMENT Memb. |
| Organisation | NECROTIC Tiss. processed with the presence of -Leukocytes =Engulf NECROTIC mat. -Capillaries -Fibroblasts=Lays down CONNECTIVE Tiss-FILLS GAPS =MATURATION |
| Regenration | =Only occurs in Cells that DIVIDE -Cells survive initial damage. Will MULITIPLE & REPLACE DEAD cells Don't occur in neurons and Cardiac mus. |
| Gangrene | -DIGESTION of Necrotic tiss. a) Toxaemia b) Sloughing |
| Toxaemia | -DECOMPOSITION of bodies PROTEINS and removed through BLOOD STREAM and LYMPHATICS |
| A- trophy (A-Accident ) | " SHRINKED" Dec in Size e.g Disuse Atrophy -Broken Leg |
| Hypertrophy | -INC in SIZE due to inc CELL SIZE |
| Meta-plasia | "CHANGE" from 1 CELL to Another |
| Hypo-plasia Hyp o -plas i a | " INCOMPLETE" Growth Extremes: Aplasia Agensis Atresia |
| Aplasia A-p (Flip) b | "ABSENSE" |
| Agenisis g-Goal e-Embryo | "FAILURE" to develop in Embryo |
| Atresia a-Ass | "CLOSURE" or "ABSENCE" of LUMANL struct. |
| Dysplacia | "LACK" of Histological ARCHITECTURE -Jumbled distribution of tissue |
| Distribution of Circulation | inadequate CIRCULATION of BLOOD |
| Hyper-aemia | INC - blood FLOW to Area |
| Congestion | Impeded Flow "OUT" |
| hypostatic | 'POOLING' of blood |
| Ischaemia | 'WITHOUT' BLOOD -inadequate blood supply |
| Volvus | an OBSTRUCTION caused by TWISTING of the stomach or intestine. |
| Infarction | 'LOCALISED' Area of "NECROSIS" caused by ISCHAEMIA Wedge shaped kidney |
| Anaemia | "LACK" of OXYGEN in blood |
| Acute | "QUICK" onset |
| Chronic | " LONG" onset over several days |
| Thrombus | "BLOOD CLOT" that forms in vessel during LIFE |
| Thrombosis | Formation of an "INAPPROPRIATE" Thrombus on wall of a vessel (Blood or Lymph.) |
| Vascular Stasis | "DEC" in Blood FLOW |
| Aneurysms | "DILATED" heart Chamber |
| Embo-lus | Abnormal "MASS" circulating in blood |
| Embo-lism | "ARREST" of Circulatory "MASS" in vessel |
| Throm-boem-boli | Formed from "THROMBI" -Bits of THROBUS breaking off -Travel to lungs=DEATH |
| Haemorrhage | "BLEEDING" from damaged vessels |
| Haematoma | -"LOCALISED" accum. of Blood =CLOT |
| Pete-chiae p-pin | "PIN POINT" Haemorrhage |
| Ec-chym-oses e-Educational Painting | "PAINT BRUSH" Haemorrhage |
| Bruising | -SUB Q Haemorrhage |
| Haemo-peri-cardium | Blood in Pericardium |
| Haemo-thorax | Blood in Thorax |
| Haemo-peritoneum | Blood in Abdominal cavity |
| Shock | "Failure" of Circ. Sysy. to Adequately "PERFUSE" vital Organs -vascular dilation |
| Hypo-vol-aemic Shock | DEC blood Volume |
| Vascu-lo-genic shock | INC Vascular space |
| Septic | Infected with Bacteria |
| Cardio-genic Shock | "REDUCED" cardiac Output |
| Dys-rhyth-mia | Abnormal Heart Rhythm |
| Endo-toxic Shock | Severe Vaso-dilation |
| Diuresis | -Water loss through kidneys |
| Oedema | "EXCESSIVE" Acculam. of Tiss FLUID |
| Ascites | Accum. of fluid in "PERITONEAL" cavity - causing Abdominal "SWELLING" |
| Hydrothorax | Fluid in the thorax |
| Hydropericardium | Fluid in the pericardial space |
| Anasarca | Widespread "SWELLING" of SKIN due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space. |
| Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) | Pressure du to mol. inside the vessel |
| Osmotic Pressure | pressure needed to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis |
| Coloid Osmotic Pressure (COP) | Pressure due to the concn. of PROTEINS in vessel |
| Hypoalbuminaemia | DEC formation of Albumin or INC. LOSS |
| Lymphoedema | Oedema due to lymphatic syst. BREAKDOWN |
| Pulmonary Oedema | Left side of heart fails causes BACKFLOW into blood vessels |
| Cerebral Oedema | Fluid on the brain |
| Anaphylaxis | an acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g. a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive. |
| Pleuritis | Inflammation of the pleura |
| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin |
| Enteritis | Inflammation of the Intestines |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the Stomach & Intestines |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder |
| Nephritis | Inflammation of the kidney |
| Osteomyelitis | Inflammation of the bone |
| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the oral cavity/mouth |
| Tonsillitis | Inflammation of the tonsils |
| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums |
| Causes of inflammation | Trauma Physical agents Chemical irritants Bacteria Viruses Parasites Allergic Alleries |
Created by:
Melissa Jones
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