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Volcanoes

Chapter 10

TermDefinition
Ring of Fire It is a long belt of volcanoes that circles much of the Pacific Ocean
crater Located at the summit of many volcanoes, it is a steep-walled depression
lahar It occurs when water-soaked volcanic ash and rock slide rapidly downhill
vent opening in the surface of Earth through which molten rock and gases are released
caldera large depression caused by either the collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano
dike when magma is injected into fractures of surrounding rock
intraplate volcanism activity that occurs within the plate away from plate boundaries
shield volcano broad, gently flowing volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas
pluton when magma cools and hardens beneath the surface of the Earth
decompression melting melting due to a drop in confining pressure that occurs as rock rises
volcano a mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material
lava plateau landform produced by repeated eruptions of very fluid, basaltic lava
hot spot a place of significant activity or danger.
cinder cone a cone formed around a volcanic vent by fragments of lava thrown out during eruptions.
sill a tabular sheet of igneous rock intruded between and parallel with the existing strata.
viscosity the state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction.
composite cone a volcanic cone composed of intermingled masses or alternate layers of lava and fragmental material
laccolith a mass of igneous rock, typically lens-shaped, that has been intruded between rock strata causing uplift in the shape of a dome.
pyroclastic material volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks
volcanic neck A column of igneous rock formed by congelation of lava in the conduit of a volcano and later exposed by the removal of surrounding rocks.
batholith a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. It is exposed by erosion.
Created by: Mrs.Stichter
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