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Bio Section 9-2
vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genotype | It is what the organisms genetics are made up of - combination of genes in an organismthe organism’s actual genetic make-up: for example, is it BB, Bb, of bb |
| Phenotype | The appearance of the organism -outward appearance of a organism, regardless of its genes |
| Homozygous | When both of the alleles are a pair or alike - there are two identical alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | When the two alleles are in a pair and they are different from each other |
| Probability | Is what you think the outcome would be |
| Monohybrid cross | When the genetics cross only one characteristic and it is tracked |
| Punnett square- | It is four boxes that show you the gene combination |
| Genotypic ratio | Is the ratio of the how many genotypes that appear in the offspring |
| Phenotypic ratio | The ratio of the offspring of the phenotype |
| Testcross | When an unknown genotype is crossed |
| Complete dominance | When one gene dominated over the other one |
| Incomplete dominance | When the phenotype is between the parents |
| Codominance | When both of the alleles for a gene are expressed |
| Dihybrid cross | A cross when two characteristics are tracked |
| genetics | branch of biology that studies heredity |
| heredity | passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| trait | characteristic that is inherited can be either dominant or recessive |
| pollination | transfer of male pollan grains to the pistil of a flower |
| dominant | observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait |
| recessive | trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait |
| law of segregation | mendelian principal explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gameters. during fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles |
| law of independent assortment | mendelian principal stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| allele | alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism |
| molecular genetics | the study of the structure of nucleic acids and the funcation and regulation of genes |
| F1 generation | one form of one thing with another form of that same thing |
| F2 generation | crossing the same thing among itself |
| self pollination | occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant |
| cross pollination | occurs between flowers of two plants |
| true breeding | a trait always produce offspring with that trait when they self pollinate |
| P generation | parental generation the first two individuls that mate in a genetic cross |
| genetic cross | e deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. |
| P stands for | P stands for the parental generation |
Created by:
sdsmomaj1
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