Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Chapter 10
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid is made up of repeating subunits of nucleotides. has 2 chains of nucleotides |
| 3 parts of DNA nucleotide | sugar, phosphate, 1 of 4 nitrogen containing bases |
| sugar | deoxyribose |
| phosphate | phosphorous |
| 1 of 4 nitrogen bases | adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine |
| purines made of two rings of carbon | adenine, guanine |
| pyrimidines with only 1 carbon ring | cytosine, thymine |
| who suggested the model of double helix for the structure of DNA | Watson and crick |
| what did Watson and crick win | nobel prize in medicine, 1962 |
| where do bases face ? | Toward the center and they face the base of other chains with which they form hydrogen bonds |
| Letters are used to signify what | nitrogen bases |
| complementary pairs | C-G, T-A |
| replication | the process of copying DNA in a cell |
| what happens during replication | the 2 nucleotide chains separate b unwinding. Each chain are now the new beginning of a new nucleotide chain. They're separated by enzymes called helicases. It breaks hydrogen bonds between bases. |
| helicases | the chains separated by enzymes |
| DNA polymerase | enzymes that bind to the separated chains of DNA. |
| 1 in ever 10,000 | how often do errors occur in paired nucleotides |
| mutation | a change in the nucleotide sequence causes what |
| 1 per 1 billion nucleotides | enzymes can repair errors and bring the error rate down to what |
| RNA | what is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol |
| sugar, phosphate, nitrogen containing base | what does RNA consist of |
| mRNA | consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain. Carries genetic information from DNA is the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| tRNA | binds to specific amino acids. There are about 45 varieties of tRNA. Consists of a single chain of about 80 RNA nucleotides folded into a hairpin shape that binds to specific amino acids. |
| rRNA | most abundant form. Consists of RNA nucleotides in a globular form. Joined by protiends, it makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made. |
| transcription | process by which genetic information si copied from dna to rna. |
| promoters | marker the beginning and continues until it reaches a termination signal |
| transcripts | the products of transcription |
| whre does mRNA move | it makes through the pores of the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm where it direct protein synthesis |
| cytosol | cytoplasm |
| protein synthesis | the production of proteins |
| what determines the structure and function of the cell | the amount and kind of proteins that are produced |
Created by:
mamawrain
Popular Biology sets