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Petroleum Methods
Exam 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What does the acronym LWD stand for? | Logging while drilling |
MWD | Measurements while drilling |
Logs measure? | Formation thickness, porosity, water saturation |
SoPhiHt | Oil saturation equals (1-sw) porosity (thickness) |
Why is Henri Doll important to petrologists? | He was a leading figure in the development of oil well logging in creation of the phase detection circuitry |
Archimedes important because of? | discovery of density |
Darcy important because of? | equation relating laminar flow of a fluid |
SP deflects to the left in Sand or Shale? | Sand |
GR deflects to the right in Sand or Shale? | Shale |
Resistivity is higher in water or oil | Oil |
Shale rocks have high or low resistivity? | Low |
High concentration of H indicates oil or gas? | Oil |
Density- Neutron crossover indicates? | Gas |
The rock layer holding down the hydrocarbon is called? | Caprock |
Why is the resistivity curve important? | It distinguishes between salt water(fair conductor) and hydrocarbons(insulators) |
MWD tools are mainly concerned with? | bit position and wellbore trajectory |
MWD send information to the surface using? | pressure pulses in the mud column |
The triple combo consist of? | Induction laterolog, SP and GR, Density, Dual speed, Caliper |
What addition gives the Quad combo | Sonic log |
What does GR measure? | natural radioactivity from K,Th, U |
_______________ is the most accurate core analysis to wireline log | Whole coring |
Advantages of sidewall coring | Faster and less expensive |
logging run is ___ | one trip up and down |
What is the unit of conductivity? | mho (1/(ohm*meter)) |
Induction log measure? | direct measurement made by ind. log devices rep. conductivity |
An API gravity of 38 would fluorescence? | White |
Rock resistivity is dependent on? | Porosity, water saturation and water resisitivity |
Which of the following factors has the LEAST impact on casing seat selection? A. Rate of Penetration B. Pore pressure C. Kick tolerance D. Fracture gradient | A |
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause for a fishing job? A. Cementing error B. Differential sticking C. Swelling zone D. Use of oil-base mud | D |
Which of the following is NOT a component of the hoisting equipment for a drilling rig? A. Crown block B. Drawworks C. Drilling line D. Rotary table | D |
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of drilling fluids? A. Cuttings removal B. Frac proppant C. Lubrication and cooling D. Well control | B |
Which of the following methods is MOST likely to hydrostatically balance a well kick with only one circulation? A. Concurrent B. Driller’s C. Toolpusher’s D. Wait and weight | D |
Which of the following is a DISADVANTAGE of air drilling? A. Differential pipe sticking is eliminated B. Downhole explosions or fire may occur C. Lost circulation may be reduced D. Reduced thawing of frozen zones | B |
Which of the following is the LEAST likely characteristic of a reservoir fluid? A. Compressible liquid B. Gas C. Incompressible liquid D. Superfluid | D |
Resistivity measurements alone can be used to differentiate oil zones from gas (true/false) | False |
Low-permeability or tight gas reservoirs ordinarily produce at economic rates because they are | Stimulated with long, highly conductive hydraulic fractures |
How many points in 3D space are needed to define a plane? line? | 3,2 |
How many planes can be defined from 6 dipmeter resistivity curves? | 6C3 =20 planes |
Which resistivity tool do we use while drilling with a salt based mud? | Laterolog |
What direction does the drill bite rotate? CW/CCW | Google it |
What are drill bits made of? | usually steel, tungsten carbide, and/or synthetic or natural diamonds. |
In 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraq's oil through _____ | slant drilling |
Two methods of suppressing a kick | Driller's method, wait and weight method |
Fractures aka _______ | cleats |
What does TVD means? | True Vertical Depth |
Four parts of a rotary rig are called? | Power, hoisting, rotating and circulating systems. |
Power from diesel engines are transmitted to a? | Compounder |
Supports the hoisting system? | Derrick or mast |
3 parts of a derrick | Brace, girt and leg |
Hoisting line is made of? | braided steel would around a fiber to steel core |
Drillpipe, bit and drill collar are collectively called? | Drillstring |
What is pipe dope (it is not a drug!) | lubricant applied to thread e.g. grease |
What is a Kelly bushing, what does it fit into? | 4/6 six sided high grade steel pipe that allows rotation by the rotary table, it fits into a master bushing |
What is a mouse hole? | hole used to add extension to pipe. It is located on the drill floor |
What is a gauge hole? | A hole of a specific minimum diameter |
How old are you? | Wrong! You’re five! |
What is the job of the circulating system? | pumps drilling mud in and out of the well hole |
What is matrix density? | Density of the compacted rock excluding water, oil and pore spaces |
What is ppm and what is it used for? | Parts per million, to regulate anything (salinity, sulfide content) |
Rate of temperature increase is called? | Geothermal gradient |
Rate of pressure increase is called? | Pressure difference divided by distance(depth difference) |
Define azimuth | Compass orientation |
Define deviation | Angle of dip from vertical |
Advantages of submersible rigs? | Can be moved easily by using a towing ship after completion to another location |
what tool is used to build angles? | whipstock |