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Chapter 12 and 13

Genetics 2

QuestionAnswer
Pedigree Graphic representation of genetic inheritance used by geneticists to map genetic traits.
Carrier An individual heterozygous for a specific trait.
Fetus A developing mammal from nine weeks to birth.
Incomplete Dominance Inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait.
Codominant Allele Pattern where phenotypes of both homozygote parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are equally expressed.
Multiple Allele Presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait.
Autosome Pairs of matching homologous chromosomes in somatic cells.
Sex Chromosome In humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes; determine the sex of an individual and carry sex-linked characteristics.
Sex-Linked Trait Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes.
Polygenic Inheritance Inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes; genes may be on the same or different chromosomes.
Karyotype Chart of metaphase chromosome pairs arranged according to length and location of the centromere; used to pinpoint unusual chromosome numbers in cells.
Inbreeding Mating between closely related individuals; ensures that offspring are homozygous for most traits, but also brings out harmful, recessive traits.
Test Cross Mating of an individual of unknown genotypes with an individual of known genotype; dna help determine the unknown genotype of the parent.
Genetic Engineering Method of cutting DNA from one organism and inserting the DNA fragment into a host organism of the same or a different species.
Recombinant DNA DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different sources.
Transgenic Organism Organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA from a different organism.
Restriction Enzyme DNA-cutting enzymes that can cut both strands of a DNA molecule at a specific nucleotide sequence.
Vector Means by which DNA from another species can be carried into the host cell; may be biological or mechanical.
Plasmid Small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell that is used as a biological vector.
Clone Genetically identical copies of an organism or gene.
Human Genome Map of the approximately 80 000 genes on 46 human chromosomes that when mapped and sequenced, may provide information on the treatment or cure of genetic disorders.
Linkage Map Genetic map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome.
Gene Therapy Insertion of normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders.
Created by: kellylovesyou
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