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OCHS Bio - Unit 3
Unit 3 - Membrane Transport
| Vocab Word | Answer (from textbook) | Anchor/Helper Phrase |
|---|---|---|
| phospholipid bilayer | another name for the cell membrane | lipid sandwich (2 layers of lipids) |
| phospholipid | the molecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane | has a polar head (hydrophillic) and nonpolar tails (hydrophobic) |
| fluid mosaic model | a model used to describe the movement of molecules within a cell membrane | proteins floating in a lipid lake; the membrane is not a hard shell |
| concentration | the amount of a solute dissolved in a given volume of water | Can be high, or low (diluted); the amount of stuff dissolved in liquid |
| selective permeability | property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot | also called "semipermeable" |
| passive transport | movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | H --> L; pushing something down the hill |
| diffusion | process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | high to low, no energy needed; oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the membrane this way across the membrane |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of a substance on each side of the membrane is the same | things move through a membrane until they reach this point |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | H 2 O(smosis) |
| hypotonic solution | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lower concentration of solutes | example: pure water: cells swell or pop |
| hypertonic solution | when comparing two solutions. the solution with the higher concentration of solutes | example: really salty water; cells shrivel up |
| isotonic solution | when the concentration of two solutions is the same | example: saline solution; cells stay the same |
| facilitated diffusion | process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through protein channels | still a type of diffusion (high to low, no energy needed); bigger molecules or charged molecules (like water) move this way |
| active transport | movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration; requires energy | L --> H; pushing something up the hill; lots of ions move this way across the membrane |
| endocytosis | when cells take in very large amounts of water or food | example: an amoeba or white blood cell engulfing a smaller cell |
| exocytosis | when cells remove very large amounts of water or waste | example: a cell pumping a huge amount of water out all at once |
| cholesterol | a molecule found between phospholipids in the cell membrane; makes the membrane less fluid and more rigid | membrane "stiffiner" |
| channel protein | a protein that allows larger or charged moleucles to pass through the cell membrane | makes facilitated diffusion possible; kind of like a "door" into the cell |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | ALL cells have membranes (no exceptions); NOT the same as a cell wall |
Created by:
nickbudz
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