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Mammal bones
Mammalian bones
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cervical vertebrae | Neck vertebrae, 1st: atlas, 2nd: axis |
| thoracic vertebrae | articulate with ribs |
| rib | sternum in front of ribs, costal ribs posterior, free ribs not connect in posterior |
| lumbar vertebrae | posterior-thoracic |
| sacral vertebrae | articulate with pelvic girdle |
| caudal vertebrae | tail |
| baculum | penis bone |
| pectoral girdle | (forelimb) pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle), scapula shoulder blade, scapular spine, clavicle, coracoid (rudimentary and fused with scapula) |
| humerus | ball-in-socket with scapula |
| radius | shorter than ulna, joint with humerus=elbow |
| ulna | extends farther back into joint with humerus=elbow |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | elongated and after carpals, 5 |
| phalanges | extend from distal end of each metacarpal, 1st: pollex/thumb |
| pelvic limb | hip girdle/ pelvic girdle |
| dorsal ilia | articulated with sacral vertebrae |
| ischia | directed posteriorly and forms bony part of rump |
| pubic bones | project anteriorly and posteriorly and joined at distal ends, pubic symphysis: junction between pubic bones |
| acetabulum | where 3 pelvic bones meet: socket with head of femur |
| femur | thigh bone articulates with acetabulum |
| fibula | greatly reduced compared to tibia |
| tibia | more medial and larger than fibula |
| knee | bends project distal segments posteriorly, patella: kneecap develops in tendon on anterior side of joint |
| tarsal bones | ankle, part of hind foot (pes), calcaneum (largest, heel bone) attachment of Achilles tendon, astragalus (large and adjacent and medial to calcaneum) |
| metatarsal bones | 5 elongate, part of hind foot (pes) |
| phalanges | from metatarsal, pedal digits (toes): hallus (1st most medial) made of 2 phalanges, other digits 3 phalanges, part of hind foot (pes) |
| Claws | keratinized epidermal cells, dorsal scale-like plate: unguis, ventral plate: subunguis (continuous with pad at end of digit) |
| nail | modified claw covers only dorsal surface of end of digit |
| hoof | in ungulates, pad just behind hoof: frog |
Created by:
jebeard
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