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Forensics
Drugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| drugs | any substance that causes a physiological change in a higher order animal |
| alcohol | one of the most widely abused drugs |
| 75% | % of evidence in crime labs is drug related |
| 23 million | amount of people in the us that use illicit drugs |
| nature of the drug, route of administration, the dose, the frequency of administration, individuals rate of metabolism | factors affecting drug dependence |
| physical dependence | the physiological need for a drug that has been brought about by its regular abuse |
| psychological dependence | the conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying emotional needs such as users expectations, societys attitudes and social settings |
| narcotics | drugs that come from opium or have similar effects and reduce pain |
| hallucinogen | drugs that have marked change in the way you perceive the world around you |
| depressants | slow down the central nervous system, result in loss of motor control and reduced respiration |
| stimulants | speed up the central nervous, causes agitation, high blood pressures, increased heart rate and rapid breathing |
| illicit drugs | abused or controlled substance that is used for purposes other than originally indented or a substance with no recognized medical purpose |
| harrison act | imposed tax on production, import, manufacture, dispensation of opium and coca leaves |
| schedule I | no accepted medical use, highest potential for abuse |
| schedule II | accepted medical use, highest for potential abuse, potential for severe dependence |
| schedule III | less potential for abuse than II but more than IV, limited depencence |
| schedule IV | lower potential for abuse than III but more than V, limited dependence |
| schedule V | lowest potential for abuse, limited dependence |
| presumptive tests | color or spot tests |
| final tests | for the vast majority of drugs the GC/Mass Spec will be used for a definitive test for the presence of a drug |
| color tests | indicate the presence of a drug |
| microcrystalline tests | a drop of reagent added to a small quantity of drug to form a crystalline precipitate |
| chromatography | separation technique for purification |
| spectrophotometry | absorption of light by certain drugs in the UV and IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum |
| mass spectrometry | sample is blasted with high energy electrons which cause it to fragment in a predictable way |
| fragmentation pattern | serves as a fingerprint for a particular compound |
| marijuana identification | microscopic analysis of plant material for the presence of cystolithic hairs |
| cystolithic hairs | bear claws on the upper side of the leaf |
| marquis test, duquenois-levine, scott test | examples of presumptive tests |
| stimulant | cocaine |
| hallucinogen | marijuana |
| narcotics | morphine |
| hallucinogen | hashish |
| stimulant | ecstacy |
| depressant | barbituate |
| stimulant | crack |
| narcotic | codiene |
| narcotic | heroin |
| narcotic | opium |
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