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Chapter 10
The Human Puzzle Chapter 10 Study Materials
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aggression | Hostile or forceful action intended to do harm; harming or hurting another person; achieving one’s goals at another’s expense. |
| Altruistic Behavior | Helping behavior. Selfless behavior designed to benefit others. |
| Attitude | A prevailing and consistent tendency to react in a given way, describable as being positive or negative and having important motivational consequences. |
| Attributions | In social psychology, the explanations we devise for our own behavior or for the behavior of others. |
| Biological Altruism | Altruism presumably motivated by the need for genetic material to survive and reproduce. |
| Bystander Effect | Phenomenon in which individuals who witness emergency situations do not offer assistance or respond in other helpful ways. |
| Cognitive Dissonance | A state of conflict between beliefs and behavior or between expectations and behavior. |
| Commitment | The decision-making aspect of Sternberg’s theory of love; involves deciding that one is in love and resolving what to do about it. |
| Compliance | Acceding to the wishes and desires of others. |
| Conformity | A change in attitudes or beliefs as a result of social pressure. |
| Consummate Love | Sternberg’s label for love that is marked by passion, intimacy,and commitment. A deep and abiding kind of love. |
| Dispositional Attribution | The inference that some internal characteristic explains a behavior. |
| Ethologist | One who studies the behaviorof animals in their natural habitats. |
| Frustration | The prevention of or interference with an activity directed toward a goal. |
| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis | Dollard and Miller’s belief that the most common cause of aggression is the anger that accompanies frustration, which is caused by being prevented from attaining a goal. |
| Interpersonal Attraction | A degree of liking that is often preliminary to strong liking or loving. |
| Intimacy | In Sternberg’s theory of love, refers to emotions that lead two people to want to share things. |
| Love | The province of poets rather than scientists. A strong, interpersonal attraction, says science: a combination of passion, intimacy, and commitment. |
| Opinion | A personal evaluation, good or bad, often manifested as a personal belief. |
| Overjustification | Providing large external rewards for behavior that is initially internally motivated. |
| Passion | In Sternberg’s love theory, a strong, often sexual, and sometimes overwhelming desire to be with another person. |
| Persuasion | Deliberate attempts, more subtle than coercion, to influence attitudes and behavior. |
| Prejudice | A preconceived attitude or opinion arrived at before a person obtains relevant facts and information. |
| Propinquity | Closeness in place or time (physical proximity). |
| Reciprocal Altruism | An apparently altruistic behavior, but the recipient is expected to reciprocate later. |
| Situational Attribution | The inference that behavior has an external cause. |
| Social Psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with relationships between individuals or between individuals and groups. |
| Stereotypes | Widely held attitudes and opinions concerning identifiable groups |
| Territoriality | Characteristic of species whose instinctual tendencies include estab- lishing and defending a geographic area. |
| Triangular Theory of Love | Sternberg’s theory based on the notion that various kinds of love can be differentiated on the basis of the relative degrees of intimacy,passion, and commitment involved. |
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