The Human Puzzle Chapter 10 Study Materials
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| Aggression | Hostile or forceful action intended to do harm; harming or hurting another person; achieving one’s goals at another’s expense.
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| Altruistic Behavior | Helping behavior. Selfless behavior designed to benefit
others.
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| Attitude | A prevailing and consistent tendency to react in a given way, describable as being positive or negative and having important motivational consequences.
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| Attributions | In social psychology, the explanations we devise for our own behavior or for the behavior of others.
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| Biological Altruism | Altruism presumably motivated by the need for genetic material to survive and reproduce.
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| Bystander Effect | Phenomenon in which individuals who witness emergency situations do not offer assistance or respond in other helpful ways.
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| Cognitive Dissonance | A state of conflict between beliefs and behavior or between
expectations and behavior.
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| Commitment | The decision-making aspect of Sternberg’s theory of love;
involves deciding that one is in love and resolving what to do about it.
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| Compliance | Acceding to the wishes and desires of others.
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| Conformity | A change in attitudes or beliefs as a result of social pressure.
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| Consummate Love | Sternberg’s label for love that is marked by passion, intimacy,and commitment. A deep and abiding kind of love.
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| Dispositional Attribution | The inference that some internal characteristic explains a
behavior.
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| Ethologist | One who studies the behaviorof animals in their natural habitats.
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| Frustration | The prevention of or interference with an activity directed toward a goal.
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| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis | Dollard and Miller’s belief that the most common cause of aggression is the anger that accompanies frustration, which is caused by being prevented from attaining a goal.
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| Interpersonal Attraction | A degree of liking that is often preliminary to strong
liking or loving.
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| Intimacy | In Sternberg’s theory of love, refers to emotions that lead two people to want to share things.
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| Love | The province of poets rather than scientists. A strong, interpersonal attraction, says science: a combination of passion, intimacy, and commitment.
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| Opinion | A personal evaluation, good or bad, often manifested as a personal belief.
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| Overjustification | Providing large external rewards for behavior that is initially
internally motivated.
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| Passion | In Sternberg’s love theory, a strong, often sexual, and sometimes overwhelming desire to be with another person.
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| Persuasion | Deliberate attempts, more subtle than coercion, to influence attitudes and behavior.
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| Prejudice | A preconceived attitude or opinion arrived at before a person obtains relevant facts and information.
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| Propinquity | Closeness in place or time (physical proximity).
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| Reciprocal Altruism | An apparently altruistic behavior, but the recipient is expected
to reciprocate later.
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| Situational Attribution | The inference that behavior has an external cause.
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| Social Psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with relationships
between individuals or between individuals and groups.
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| Stereotypes | Widely held attitudes and opinions concerning identifiable groups
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| Territoriality | Characteristic of species
whose instinctual tendencies include estab-
lishing and defending a geographic area.
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| Triangular Theory of Love | Sternberg’s theory based on the notion that various kinds of love can be differentiated on the basis of the relative degrees of intimacy,passion, and commitment involved.
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