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Oceanogrphy Chap 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the deepest layer of the Earth? | Inner Core |
| What is the top layer of the Earth? | Crust |
| The uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust | Lithosphere |
| The type of rock that forms from compressed organic and inorganic particles. | Sedimentary |
| What principle relates to the theory that the lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere? | Archimedes' Principle |
| The balance between the weight and the bouyancy of the crust. | Isostatic equilibrium |
| How do landmasses restore balance when isostatic equilibrium is disrupted? | By rising or falling along a fault |
| The theory that all continents came from one landmass and drifted apart? | Continental drift |
| The single continent with a single sea that broke apart? | Pangaea |
| The name of Pangaea's single sea? | Panthalassa |
| Evidence Wegener used to support the theory of continental drift. | Shape of continents, coal in Antartica, and distribution of fossils |
| Why was Wagener's theory of continental drift not widely accepted? | It did not explain what forces could move continents |
| How has sonar contributed to information about the ocean's bottom? | Enables mapping of the bottom terrain |
| An underwater mountain range | Mid-ocean ridge |
| Runs through the center of a Mid-ocean ridge | Rift valley |
| New seafloor emerges from where and how? | Rift valley from magma pushing up from the asthenospehere |
| What evidence do we have about the seafloor spreading? | Pattern of sediment layers, dating of seafloor rocks, and magnetic patterns found on the seafloor |
| Plates that float on the lithosphere? | Plate tetonics |
| Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and trenches mark what? | boundaries between tetonic plates |
| When plates spread apart? | divergent boundary |
| When plates collide? | Convergent boundary |
| Plates slide by each other? | Transform boundary |
| local rising of a column of magma that does not move with the plate above it? | Hot spot |
| Primary force that causes plates to move | Convection |
| In a million years, a new ocean will form in the East Africa rift valley due to? | Plate tectonics |