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chapter2 Astronomy
review questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| historical records show that it was Aristotle who first proposed that all planets revolve around the Sun | false, Auristarchus, thenCopernicus, |
| The teachings of Aristotle remained unchallenged until the eighteenth century A.D. | false, sixteenth century |
| Ptolemy was responsible for a geocentric model that was successful at predicting the positions of the planets, Moon, and the Sun. | true |
| The heliocentric model of the universe held that Earth was the center, and everything else moved around it. | false, geocentric model does helio=sun |
| Kepler's discoveries regarding the orbital motion of the planets were based on his own observations. | false, Tyco Brache did the work |
| The Sun's location in a planet's orbit is at the center. | false, at one focus of the ellipse |
| the ski-major axis of an orbit is half the major axis. | true |
| A circle has an eccentricity of zero. | true |
| The astronomical unit is a distance equal to the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit around the sun. | true |
| The speed of a planet orbiting the Sun is independent of the planet's position in its orbit. | false, position in ellipse varies speed, Kepler's Law 3 |
| Kepler's Laws work for only the six planets known in his time. | false, for all in our solar system he knew of ten planets |
| Kepler never knew the true distances between the planets and the Sun, only their relative distances. | true |
| Galileo's observations of the sky were made with the naked eye. | false, he used the telescope for many observations |
| Using his laws of gravity and motion, newton was able to prove Kepler's laws. | true, he did make slight adjustments to the laws. |
| you throw a baseball to someone. Before the ball is caught it is temporarily in orbit around Earth's center. | true |
| Stonehenge was used as a ________ by people in the Stone Age. | calendar |
| Accurate records of comets and "guest " stars were kept over many centuries by ___________ astrologers. | chinese |
| The astronomical knowledge of ancient Greece was kept alive and augmented by ________ astronomers. | Islamic, Muslim |
| The apparent 'backward' movement (west-ward) of the planets Mars, Jupiter, or Saturn in the sky relative to the stars is known as ________motion. | retrograde |
| Observation, theory, and testing are the cornerstones of the __________. | scientific method |
| The heliocentric model was reinvented by_____________. | Copernicus |
| Central to the heliocentric model is the assertion that the observed motions of the planets and the Sun are the result of _____ motion around the Sun. | Earth's |
| Kepler's laws were based on observational data obtained by_______. | Tycho Brache |
| Kepler discovered that the shape of an orbit is an ________, not a ______, as had previously been believed. | ellipse, circle |
| Kepler's third law relates the ___ of the orbital period to the ______ of the semi-major axis. | square, cube |
| Galileo discovered _____ orbiting Jupiter, the ___ of Venus, nd the Sun's rotation from observations of ______. | moons, phases, sunspots |
| The modern method of measuring the astronomical unit uses ____measurements of a planet or asteroid. | radar |
| Newton's law gravity states that the gravitational force between two objects depends on the _____ of their masses and inversely on the ____of their separation. | product, square |
| Newton's first law of gravity states that a moving object will continue to move in a straight line with constant speed unless acted upon by a _____. | force |
| Newton discovered that, in Kepler's third law, the orbital period depends on the semi-major axis and on the sum of the ____ of the two objects involved. | masses |
Created by:
rcurry
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