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Vocabulary List III
Third Nine Weeks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell membrane | a thin, flexible covering that protects the inside of all cells from the environment outside the cell, it allows for passage of certain substances in and out of the cell |
| Chloroplast | the part of the plant cell that contains chlorophyll and allow the cell to absorb energy from sunlight and makes glucose |
| Cytoplasm | a fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules. It provides a water environment in which cell processes take place |
| Golgi apparatus | prepares proteins for their specific jobs and packages them into vesicles |
| Mitochondrion | this is the powerhouse of the cell that provides all the energy the cell needs for its different functions. It releases energy from ATP molecules. |
| Ribosome | makes proteins and found in the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | provides a site for making proteins |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | makes lipids and helps remove harmful substances from the cell |
| Vacuole | stores food, water and waste materials. It is the largest organelle in plants. |
| Nucleus | found in most eukaryotic cells that direct cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA |
| Nuclear envelope | the name of the two membranes surrounding the nucleus. The pores in this structure allow materials to pass into and out of the cell. |
| Cytoskeleton | a network of threadlike proteins that are joined together. This is the framework that gives the cell its shape. |
| Flagella | long, tail like appendages that whip back and forth and are used for movement |
| Cilia | short, hair like structures used to move a cell or move substance away from a cell |
| Prokaryotic cells | the genetic material is not surrounded by a membrane. This means that these cells DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS. They do not have many other cells parts and are often unicellular organisms. |
| Eukaryotic Cells | the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane. This means that these cells HAVE A NUCLEUS. These cells are larger than prokaryotic cells. These cells have many other structures in them. |
| Organelle | different parts that make up a Eukaryotic cell. Each has it’s own purpose and function. |
| Cell wall | a stiff structure found outside of the cell membrane only in plant cells. Its purpose is to protect the cell and give it shape. |
| Proteins | a macromolecule made of long chains of amino acid molecules |
| Carbohydrates | made up of one or more chain of a sugar molecule. Its main job is to store energy (Ex. Bread) |
| Macromolecule | large molecules that form when smaller molecules are joined together |
| Lipid | a large, macromolecule that does not dissolve in water. They are used as a protective barrier in cell membranes as well as energy storage. (Ex. Cholesterol) |
| Nucleic acid | macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together. This is where genetic information is stored. The two kinds are RNA and DNA. |
| Cell Theory | A theory that states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, all cells come from preexisting cells. |
| Binomial nomenclature | a naming system that gives each organism a two word scientific name |
| Species | a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to reproduce |
| Genus | a group of similar species-the first word used in binomial nomenclature |
| Dichotomous key | a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism |
| Cladogram | a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors. |
| Natural selection | theory developed by Darwin that states that organisms with traits best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce |
| Variation | a small change in a trait that makes an individual slightly different from the other members of its species. |
| Mutation | a change in a gene |
| Adaptation | an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment. |
| Selective breeding | a deliberate breeding of plants or animals for desired results |
| Structure | the way in which the parts are organized or arranged into whole |
| Function | the job that something is designed to do |
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FJHScience
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