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Lang Genetics
Genetics Science Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| trait | a characteristic, such as seed color |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| genes | the factors that control traits |
| alleles | the different forms of a gene |
| dominant | always shows up in an organism ex. B |
| recessive | is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present ex. b |
| hybrid | has two different alleles for a trait ex. Bb (also know as heterozygous) |
| phenotype | physical apperance ex. spongebob is yellow |
| genotype | combination of alleles (letters) ex. YY makes spongebob yellow |
| homozygous | means the alleles are the same also called purebred ex. BB or bb |
| heterozygous | means the alleles are different also called hybrid ex. Bb |
| purebred | always produces offspring that have the same trait ex. BB or bb (also know as homozygous) |
| 3 examples of traits passed by heredity | face shape, hair color, blood type |
| acquired trait | an organism develops after it is born |
| environmental- acquired trait | A flamingo is pink because it cats pink food. |
| learned- acquired trait | The ability to ride a skateboard or bike. |
| manipulated- acquired trait | Breeding plants or animals to get the most desirable traits. |
| chromosomes | are short, thick coils of DNA |
| How many chromosomes are in human cells? | 46 |
| How many chromosomes are in human gametes (egg or sperm)? | 23 |
| Why do body cells have twice as many chromosomes as gametes? | When the egg and sperm combine together, they make up 46 chromosomes. They create a new cell that will become a new individual (baby) with a complete set of 46 chromosomes. |
Created by:
17alang