Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 3 Exam 1
Evolution, Development, Radiata
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allele | Version of a gene. |
| Adaptation | Heritable trait that increases fitness via natural selection. |
| Darwin's 4 Postulates | 1. Individual variation 2. Some variations are heritable 3. More offspring produced than survive 4. Individuals with traits that confer an advantage are more likely to survive and reproduce |
| 4 Mechanisms of Evolution | 1. Mutation 2. Genetic Drift 3. Gene Flow 4. Natural Selection |
| Mutation | [Mechanism of evolution] - Any change in the heritable material of an organism; production of new alleles. |
| Genetic Drift | [Mechanism of Evolution] - Random changes in alleles frequencies in a population due to chance events. |
| Gene Flow | [Mechanism of evolution] - Movement of alleles from one population to another. |
| Homolgy | Similarity due to shared ancestry. |
| Synapomorphies | Shared derived traits that have been modified from the ancestral species. |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death. |
| Gastrulation | Cell movement in the blastula where the cells rearrange themselves into the germ layers. |
| Homoplasy | Convergent evolution produces a polyphyletic group in which two organisms that share an environment have developed similar morphologies. |
| Parsimony | Least amount of changes portrayed in phylogenic trees. |
| Cortical Granules | Vesicles containing digestive enzymes |
| Diploblast | 2 germ layers: Ectoderm & Endoderm |
| Triploblast | 3 germ layers: Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm |
| What does the MESODERM (triploblast) develop into? | - Muscle - Organs - Connective tissue |
| What does the ENDODERM (triploblast) develop into? | - Digestive tract |
| What does the ECTODERM (triploblast) develop into? | - Skin - Nervous system |
| Cephalazation | The evolution of a head, or anterior region, where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information are concentrated. |
| Ganglia | Concentration of neurons. |
| Ceolom | Fluid filled cavity lined by the MESODERM and sandwiched between the ECTODERM and ENDODERM. |
| Protosome | - Blastopore becomes the mouth - Spiral cleavage - Ceolom developed from mesoderm that expands indepedently of endoderm. - Bilateral symmetry |
| Deuterosome | - Blastpore becomes the anus. - Radial Cleavage - Ceolom develops from the mesoderm pinching off from the endoderm. - Bilateral Symmetry (except Echinodermata) |
| Clade Parazoa | Synapomorphy: Multicellularity - Porifera - Placazoa |
| Clade Radiata | Synapomorphies: Diploblasts, radial symmetry, neurons, primitive muscle cells, tissue development. - Cnidaria - Ctenophora |
| Aceolomate | - 2 germ layers. - No ceolom. - Flatworms and ribbon worms. |
| Pseudoceolomate | - 2 germ layers. - Pseudoceolom isn't surrounded by mesoderm. - Nematodes |
| Ceolomate | - 3 germ layers. - Ceolom surrounded by mesoderm. - Arthropods, Chordates |
| Macro-evolution | Descent with modification. |
| Micro-evolution | Change in allele frequencies in a population over time. |
| Corona Radiata | A bunch of cells surrounding the egg for protection. |
| Mesohyl | Cellular matrix in the body of Porifera between the ECTODERM and ENDODERM |
| Leuconoid Body Plan | Flagellated chambers with a small OSCULUM |
| Osculum | Large opening in which water flows out of a sponge. |
| Monoecious | "One Body" Hermaphroditic; both female and male gametes. |
| Diecious | "Two Body" Heterogenous; separate male and female individuals. |
| Zooxanthelle | Mutualistic photosynthetic algae embedded in the epidermis of coral. Provides nutrients and aids in waste recycling. |
Created by:
TroyJSharpe