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Biology Unit 6
WSHS - Biology - Unit 6 Chap. 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| homologous | mathcing chromosomes - all autosomes |
| autosomal disorders | genes found on chromosomes |
| karyotype | a picture of the chromosomes; what is seen, ex. gender or if chromosome pairs are abnormal |
| nondisjunction | failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis |
| amniocentesis | procedure that removes fetal cells from a pregnant mother |
| pedigree | a chart used to trace certain traits through generations |
| Huntingtons | dominent disorder; symptoms appear at about age 40; leads to mental retardation and death |
| achondroplasia | dominent disorder; dwarfism; proportioned correctly |
| hypercholesterolemia | dominent disorder; high cholesterol (LDL is lousy, HDL is happy) |
| albinism | recessive disorder; no skin, eye, or hair pigment |
| cystic fibrosis | recessive disorder; the number one genetic abnormality in caucasions; abnormally thick mucus |
| galactosemia | recessive disorder; missing an enzyme that breaks down galactose (milk sugar); can cause mental retardation and eye and liver damage |
| PKU | recessive disorder; missing an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (dairy product); can cause severe mental retardation; the disorder can be taken care of by a special diet |
| tay sachs | recessive disorder; accumulation of fats on the brain; usually fatal by age 6; the number one abnormality in the Jewish population |
| sickle cell anemia | co-dominent disorder; most common in African American population; abnormally shaped red blood cells therefore they can't carry oxygen throughout the body to their full potential |
| chromosomal disorder | when a baby inherits one too many or one too few chromosomes (45 or 47) |
| down syndrome | chromosomal disorder; mental retardation; characterized by thick tongue, almond shaped eyes, weak muscles, weak immunity, often heart problems, often overweight, slow metabolism; caused by an extra 21st chromosome |
| trisomy 21 | down syndrome |
| Turner's syndrome | chromosomal disorder; female that is missing an x chromosome; abnormally short, sterile, and mental retarded |
| Clinefelters syndrome | chromosomal disorder; male that has an extra x chromosome; mentally retarded, sterile, female characteristics |
| sex-linked disorder | recessive genes; found on the x chromosome; transferred from carrier mom to sons |
| red/green color blindness | sex-linked disorder |
| hemophilia | sex-linked disorder; free bleeders |
| sex chromosomes | the x or y chromosome; one of two chromosomes that determine an individual's sex; females have two x chromosomes; male have an x and a y |
| gene therapy | when you can replace a faulty gene with a normal gene in order for the body to correct the protein or enzyme it needs to eliminate the disorder |
| sex-linked gene | fgene located on the x or y chromosome |
| DNA fingerprinting | analysis of sections of DNA that have little or not known function, but vary widely from one individual to another, in order to identify individuals |
Created by:
ktedder
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