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Ch. 2 Molecular Bio
Lewin's Essential Genes Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a linkage group? | A set of genes that do assort independently |
| What did Beadle and Tatum contribute to molecular biology? | The one gene: one polypeptide hypothesis |
| What cause a recessive mutation? A dominant mutation? | Loss of function by the polypeptide product. Gain of function |
| How does one test whether a gene is essential? | using a null mutation |
| What is a null mutation? | one that completely eliminates function |
| What do leaky mutations do? | Do not affect the function of the gene product, they are not shown in the phenotype because sufficient activity remains |
| What is a polymorphic distribution? | Distribution of alleles in which no individual allele can be considered the sole wild type (blood type) |
| What is polymorphism? | The simultaneous occurance of the population of alleles showing variations at a given position |
| What is frameshift mutation? | insertion or deletion |
| What are combinations of mutations? | They together insert or delete three bases (or multiples of three) that do not change the reading of the triplets beyond the last site of mutation |
| What is conlinearity? | Bacterial gene has a continuous length of 3N nucleotides that encode N amino acids, Gene is colinear with both mRNA and polypeptide products |
| What is an antisense strand? | The template strande, to which mRNA is complementary |
| What is a sense stand? | The coding strand to which mRNA is identical |
| How can introns be detected? | The presence of additional regions |
| How are genes compared with their RNA products? | restriction mapping or electron microscopy |
| What are paralogs? | genes that share common ancestory due to gene duplication |
| what is an example of a paralog? | alpha and beta globin genes (variability in introns) |
| Are positions of introns conserved? | yes when homologous genes are compared among different organisms |
| what can vary with the introns? | the length |
| How long are typical exons? | short, encoding <100 amino acids |
| What are genes like in yeasts compared to multicellular eukaryotes? | uninterrupted in yeast |
| in which type of organism are introns typcically short? | unicellular eukaryotes |
| What is alternative initiation or termination? | Allows two proteins to be generated where one is equivalent to a fragment of the other |
| what is an overlapping gene? | part of one sequence occurs within another sequence |
| what is alternative splicing? | removal of introns and combining of exons, or removal of introns and one or more exons |
| what is a gene family? | a group of genes that encode related or identical products as a result of gene duplication events |
| what is an ortholog? | related genes in different species |
| what is a homolog | related genes in the same species, such as alleles on homologous chromosomes or multiple genes in the same genome sharing common ancestory |
Created by:
aublynn2010
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