Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Wiles--Module 9
Wiles--Module 9 Review--Chromosomes and Cell Division
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what phase of the cell cycle do most cells spend the greatest amount of time? | Interphase |
| What is a picture of one's chromosomes called? | Karyotype |
| What type of cellular reproduction results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the original cell? | Mitosis |
| What does tetra- mean in Greek? | four |
| What type of cell division reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells? | Meiosis |
| What does G represent or stand for in G1 and G2 phases? | Gap |
| In what phase of mitosis do spindle fibers and centrosomes appear? | Prophase |
| What are immature sperm called? | Spermatids |
| How many chromosomes separate humans and other primates? | two |
| How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do normal humans possess? | 23 pairs |
| What forms during synapsis in Meiosis I when 2 homologous chromosomes pair? | Tetrads |
| What are proteins which help DNA to coil and fit into the nucleus called? | Histone proteins |
| If a cell exits the cell cycle during interphase, what stage of interphase does it enter into? | G0 phase |
| By what process do bacterial cells reprodeuce asexually? | Binary fission |
| What type of reproduction produces offspring through the union of sperm and egg? | Sexual |
| What is the new cell called that is formed from the union of sperm and egg? | Zygote |
| What are the 3 smaller cells produced in oogenesis called? | Polar bodies |
| What is the abbreviation for diploid? | 2n |
| What word describes chromosomes similar in size, shape, and banding patterns? | Homologous |
| What type of reproduction produces offspring from one parent? | Asexual |
| What stage of interphase do chromosomes copy themselves? | S phase |
| What does S stand for in the S stage of interphase? | Synthesis |
| What separates during Anaphase II of Meiosis II? | Sister chromatids |
| What are body cells of an organism called? | Somatic cells |
| What are sex cells of an organism called? | Gametes |
| What condition are somatic cells? | Diploid |
| What condition are gametes? | Haploid |
| What is the abbreviation for haploid? | 1n |
| What is the haploid number for humans? | 23 |
| What is the diploid number for humans? | 46 |
| What are the sex chromosomes of a male? | XY |
| What are the sex chromsomes of a female? | XX |
| What phase of meiosis I is DNA replicated? | Interphase I (S phase) |
| What two substances primarily make up chromosomes? | DNA and proteins |
| What structures make up spindle fibers? | Microtubules |
| What separates a plant cell into 2 individual cells during cytokinesis? | Cell plate |
| What type of spindle fiber goes from centrosome to centrosome? | Polar fibers |
| What lines up in the middle of a cell during metaphase of Meiosis I (aka metaphase I)? | tetrads |
| What word is often used to describe the middle of the cell where chromosomes lin up in metaphase? | Equator |
| What is a prokaryote's chromosomal information like? (include # and shape) | Singular circular chromosome |
| What is an immature egg cell called? | Ootid |
| Which parent determines the gender of a child? | Male or father |
| What phase of the cell cycle divides the cytoplasm and the cell membrane? | Cytokinesis |
| What is production of egg cells called? | Oogenesis |
| What structure holds the two (sister) chromatids of a chromosome together? | Centromere |
| What is the uncoiled mixture of DNA & protein of a non-dividing cell called? | Chromatin |
| What type of cells have centrioles associated with the centrosomes? | Animal cells |
| What is the nuclear division of the cell cycle known as? | Mitosis |
| What is formed in telophase when an animal cell's membrane starts to pinch inward? | Cleavage furrow |
| After cytokinesis, what phase of the cell cycle do the two daughter cells enter? | Interphase |
| During what stage of interphase do cells grow greatly in size? | G1 or Gap 1 |
| What type of spindle fibers extend from centrosome to centromere? | Kinetochore fibers |
| What is a picture of one's chromosomes called? | Karyotype |
| Whate are non-sex chromosomes called? (Pairs 1-22) | Autosomes |
| What is it called when portions of chromatids break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the homologous chromosome in Meiosis I? | crossing over |
| What is the process called in which tetrads are formed in Meiosis I? | synapsis |
| During what phase of the cell cycle do the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane disappear or disintegrate? | Prophase |
| If an organism's skin cells have 36 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in that organism's sex cells? | 18 chromosomes |
| What is the general term that describes an organism having three chromosomes in a homologous pair? | trisomy |
| What is Trisomy 21 also known as? | Down's Syndrome |
| What is the process called in which a needle is inserted through the abdomen to withdraw amniotic fluid? | Amniocentesis |
| If an organism has 32 chromosomes in its gametes, how many chromosomes will be present in its somatic cells? | 64 |
| Where does meiosis occur in male animals? | testes |
| Where does meiosis occur in female animals? | ovaries |
| What are the male gametes of a plant called? | Pollen |
| During spermatogenesis, how many spermatids are produced? | four |
| What does inter- mean? | between |
| What does pro- mean? | first |
| What are the four phases of the cell cycle which constitute mitosis? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| What does ana- mean? | same or in equal proportions |
| What are the sex chromosomes of a person with Klinefelter's syndrome? | XXY |
| What is the diploid condition for a fruit fly? | eight |
| During what phase of the cell cycle do the centrosomes and the spindle fibers appear? | Prophase |
| During what phase of the cell cycle do the centrosomes and the spindle fibers disappear or disintegrate? | Telophase |
| What phase is usually missing before Meiosis II? | Interphase.....if interphase does occur before Meiosis II, then DNA is NOT replicated |
| What type of spindle fibers run from centrosome to centrosome? | polar fibers |
| What is the purpose of crossing over in meiosis? | genetic recombination |
| What structures do the mitotic spindle fibers radiate from in animals? | centrosomes |
| In animal cells, the centrosomes also contain __________ which help to further organize spindle fibers. Plant cells lack these. | centrioles |
| Discuss the apparent length of the X vs. the Y sex chromosomes. | The X chromosome is much longer than the Y chromosome |
| What is the general term that describes an organism having only one chromosome of a homologous pair? | monosomy |
| What is the term for any organ that produces sex cells? | gonad |
| What disease is caused by uncontrolled cell divisions? | cancer |
| An organism has 12 chromosomes in each somatic cell. Give the diploid and haploid condition of that organism. | 2n=12; 1n=6 |
| What is the purpose of kinetochore fibers? | move chromosomes |
| What is independent assortment and how does it affect the genetic makeup of offspring cells? | Independent assortment is the random separation of homologous chromosomes. It results in genetic variation. |
| The DNA of a chromosome is organized into regions called _____________ that code for the formation of proteins. | genes |
| After replication, each chromosome is made of two ____ held together by a(n) _________. | sister chromatids; centromere |
| What type of molecule controls the cell cycle? | Proteins called cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases |
| What is programmed cell death referred to as? | apoptosis |
| Name four carcinogens. | radiation such as UV light or X-rays; chemicals like nicotine, Round-up, agent orange, etc.; viruses such as HPV; lifestyle factors such as eating large amounts of fat |
| What phase of Meiosis I does crossing over occur? | Prophase I |
| What are the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes called? | telomeres |
| Trisomy or monosomy conditions of a fetus happen as a result of _____________________ during Meiosis I or Meiosis II, where the chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate properly | nondisjunction |
| What is the process by which an unspecialized cell develops into a specialized cell with a defined structure and function? | cellular differentiation |
| What are the two types of stem cells? | Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells |
Created by:
lburris
Popular Biology sets