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Living Environment
Mid term review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of life? | Something that includes all 8 life functions that living organisms perform |
| What are the 8 life functions? | 1. cellular respiration 2. Nutrition 3. Transport 4. Excretion 5. Synthesis 6. regulation 7. reproduction 8. Growth |
| What is Metabolism? | Food is converted into energy (cellular respiration, required to sustain life) |
| What is Homeostasis? | organisms stability (normal balance) |
| What is the basis for Classification? | Similarities in structures |
| What is the 5 kingdom system? | monera, Protista, fungi, plant, animal |
| monera | unicellular, no nuclear membrane |
| protista | unicellular with a nucleus |
| fungi | mostly multicellular, heterotrophs |
| plant | multicellular, autotroph |
| animal | multicellular, heterotroph |
| Nomenclature | Genus species (choosing of names for things) |
| Cell Theory | basic unit of structure and function in all living things (cells come from cells) |
| History of cell theory | Robert Hooke discovered cell with microscope describing relationship between cells and living things |
| What exceptions are there to the cell theory? | viruses, first cell, mitochondria and chloropast |
| Microscopes and other techniques for studying cells? | Compound, dissecting(stereo), simple, and centrifuge |
| Cell organelles | chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, vacuole, cell wall |
| Do red blood cells have a nucleus? | no |
| What are the differences in plant and animal cells? | cell wall, chloroplast, and vacuoles |
| What makes up elements? | atoms |
| What don't inorganic compounds have? | carbon and hydrogen |
| What do organic compounds have? | carbon and hydrogen |
| What is dehydration synthesis? | removal or loss of water molecules |
| What is hydrolysis? | Big to small molecules (breaking down) reaction with water |
| What is the composition of a carbohydrate? | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| What is the structure of a carbohydrate? | 2:1 disaccharides:monosaccharides |
| Functions of a carbohydrate | energy, cellulose of a cell wall |
| Examples of carbohydrates | sugars, starches, polysaccharide, |
| What are lipids? | fats and oils |
| What is the composition of a lipid? | hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| What is the structure of a lipid? | large |
| what is the function of a lipid? | stores energy and makes up cell membrane |
| What is the composition of a protein? | nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| What is the structure of a protein? | a chain of amino acids |
| What is the function of a protein? | muscle, hair, etc... in a cell membrane |
| What are examples of proteins? | enzymes, hormones, anti bodies, hemoglobin |
| What are enzymes? | proteins that inniate change |
| What is the structure of an enzyme? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| What is the function of an enzyme? | speed up chemical reactions |
| What is the lock and key model of an enzyme? | like a puzzle, 2 enzymes go together but have to fit together |
| What factors affect the rate of enzyme activity? | temperature, ph level, amount of enzymes and substrate |
| What is photosynthesis? | process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to create food |
| What is the difference in autotrophic and heterotrophic? | autotrophic make their own food, heterotrophic get food from other sources |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO^2+12H^2O---->c^6 H^12 o^6+6o^2+6h^2o |
| What are the stages of photosynthesis? | light reactions: water splits and oxygen is released dark reactions: CO2 joins hydrogen from light reaction and forms glucose |
| What are the adaptations of photosynthesis? | algae and green plants structure of the leafs chloroplast |
| What is grana? | light part of chloroplast |
| What is stroma? | dark part of chloroplast |
| What is the equation for cellular respiration? | C6 H12 O6+6O2--->enzymes--->6CO2+6H2O+36ATP |
| What is anaerobic respiration? | makes very little energy without oxygen |
| What is aerobic respiration? | makes a lot of energy with oxygen |
| What are the adaptations for gas exchange in cellular respiration? | absorbed from environment and transported to where needed, carbon dioxide is released |
| What is cell membrane? | contains lipids and proteins, protects cell nucleus |
| What is passive transport? | diffusion, no energy needed, move from high to low concentration |
| What is active transport? | uses energy from the cell, move from high to low concentration |
| What are adaptations for transport? | cyclosis, root pressure |
| What is regulation? | The control and coordination of the life activities of an organism |
| What is nerve control? | stimulus that changes the response receptors and effectors |
| What is the structure of a neuron? | one axon and multiple dendrites |
| What is the adaptations of regulation? | neurons that receive and transmit impulses (neurotransmitters) |
| What is chemical control of regulation? | transmits messages from one part to another (hormones-animals and ouxins-plants) |
| What is locomotion? | ability of an organism to move |
| Organisms with locomotion? | male gametes of moss and fern, algae, bacteria, flagella |
| What is excretion? | removal of waste products of metabolism |
| What types of waste are there in excretion? | CO2, H2O, nitrogenous wastes(ammonia, urea, uricacid) |
| Adaptations of excretion? | cell membranes, plant and algae |
| Name nutrients for human nutrition | carbohydrates(sugars), proteins(amino acids), lipids(3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol), vitamins, minerals, water |
| Organs and functions for human nutrition | small intestine: absorbtion and digestion of starches and proteins stomach: digest all organisms and proteins mouth: starches large intestine: excretion |
| Accessory organs and functions of human nutrition | liver: produce bile stored in gall bladder salivery glands, teeth, and tongue |
| Malfunctions of organs | not enough water |
| Needs/sections for Human Circulation | Blood, vessels, blood types, heart structure, immunity, organ transplant, and malfunctions |
| Connection of blood and circulation | flows through the vessels in circulatory system, tissue, no cells, helps maintain homestasis |
| Vessels and circulation | arteries(lymph vessels), capillaries (heart), veins |
| What are the 4 blood types? | a, b, o, ab |
| What is the structure of the heart? | 4 chambers (capillaries), ventricles, veins heart>arteries>arteriols>capillaries>venules>veins>heart |
| How does immunity connect with circulation? | destroys harmful cells from entering circulation |
| Important factor of organ transplant? | same blood types needed for both donor and patient |
| Malfunctions of circulation? | diseases, clotting, wrong blood types |
Created by:
tbugbee
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