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GA EOCT Review
Key words to know for Georgia Biology EOCT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organelle | small structures which carry out life functions for a cell |
| Hypertonic solution | When the external solution has more solutes than then the solution inside the cell. Causes cells to lose water and shrink |
| Isotonic solution | When the external solution and the solution inside the cell have an equal amount of solutes |
| Cell wall | Cellulose structure found outside the cell membrane of plants, protects the cell and provides strength and support to the plant |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration without energy |
| Facilitated diffusion | Movement of molecules into or out of a cell from high concentration to low concentration through a membrane protein, but without cell energy |
| Endocytosis | Cell engulfing of large particles |
| Mitosis | Division of the chromosomes and DNA of a cell. Results in two genetically identical cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell |
| Homeostatis | Maintenance of stable internal conditions |
| Hypotonic solution | When the internal cell solution has more solutes than then the solution outside the cell. Causes cells to gain water and swell |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | description of the cell membrane as being fluid and changing |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a selectively permable membrane |
| Active tranport | Movement of molecules into or out of the cell which requires use of cellular energy. |
| Exocytosis | Form of active transport in which a vesicle fuses to the cell membrane and materials are released to the outside of the cell |
| Prokaryotic | Cell lacking a nucleus. Bacterial cells |
| Eukaryotic | Cells that have a nucleus. All cells except for bacteria |
| Nucleus | Central organelle in a cell, contains the DNA and controls the cell |
| Ribosomes | Structures in a cell which produce protein |
| Cell membrane | Outer boundary of the cell, regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Mitochondria | Organelle which carries out cellular respiration, making ATP for the cell |
| Golgi Body | Organelle which packages and ships proteins out of the cell |
| Lysosomes | Organelles that contain digestive enzymes for the cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Folded membranes which transport proteins and other material through the cell. |
| Photosynthesis | Process carried out by choloplasts in plants which converts sunlight energy to sugars. |
| Cellular Respiration | Process carried out by mitochondria in cells which converts energy in glucose to ATP |
| Prophase | Stage of Mitosis when the nucleus membrane disappears, the chromosomes become visible and the spindle fibers start to form |
| Metaphase | Stage in mitosis when the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate |
| Anaphase | Stage in mitosis when the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | Stage in mitosis when the chromosomes uncoil , nuclear membrane forms around the two sets of chromosomes, cleavage furrow forms |
| Hypothesis | Predicted answer to a problem question, can be tested |
| Independent Variable | Factor in an experiment that is changed and tested |
| control | Test group in an experiment that is used for comparison. It is not subjected to changes in the independant variable |
| Quantitative Data | Data that is measured |
| Controlled experiment | Experiment that has two groups, a control group which is not subjected to the independant variable, and an experimental group which receives the independant variable. |
| Dependant Variable | Responding factor in a controlled experiment. Measured data |
| Qualitative Data | Descriptive data |
| Taxonomy | Study of the naming and classifying of organisms |
| Binomial nomenclature | Method of using two word scientific names for organisms. Genus species |
| Botany | Study of plants |
| Ecology | Study of organisms and how they interact with their environment |
| Microbiology | Study of microorganisms |
| Genetics | Study of the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| Zoology | Study of animals |
| atom | Simplest unit of matter, consists of protons, neutrons and electons |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| organic compound | molecules that contain carbon and are derived from living organisms |
| inorganic compound | not derived from living organisms |
| carbohydrates | organic molecules such as glucose and sucrose that are used primarily for energy in living organisms |
| Proteins | Organic molecules that contain Carbon and Nitrogen and function as enzymes and building blocks for living organisms |
| Fats | Organic molecules that contain many hydrogens and carbons, and function for energy storage |
| Nucleic Acids | Organic molecules that store and transfer genetic information |
| homologous chromosomes | pair of chromsomes found in all diploid cells. Half of each pair is from the sperm and half of each pair if from the egg |
| gametes | haploid reproductive cells (sperm and egg) |
| diploid | containing a full set of chromosomes. Chromosomes are all in homologous pairs |
| allele | variation of a trait |
| genotype | genetic variation for a trait |
| Dominant trait | masks the recessive trait when present |
| homozygous | having two alleles the same for a trait |
| chromosomal mutation | changes to the chromosome such as deletion or insertion of a segment of a chromsome |
| sex linked trait | trait whose allele is located on a sex chromosome |
| fitness | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment |
| meiosis | cell reproduction which reduces the chromosome number to haploid. Produces gametes |
| haploid | cells which contain one chromosome from each homologous pair. Half the chromosome number |
| gene | segment of DNA which codes for a protein |
| zygote | diploid cell formed by the union of a sperm and egg |
| phenotype | physical outcome of a trait in an individual |
| recessive trait | trait that can be hidden by the dominant trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular trait |
| evolution | change of a species over time to better survive in their environment |
| adaptation | change of an organism |
Created by:
mrscwestbrook
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