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biology ch. 2 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basic unit of matter | atom |
| name the subatomic particles that make up atoms | protons, neutrons, electrons |
| made up of protons and neutrons, at the center of the atom | nucleus |
| negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the mass of a proton | electron |
| a chemical________ is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom | element |
| atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain | isotopes |
| the reason isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties | because they have the same number of electrons |
| a chemical___________ is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions | compound |
| the chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another is called a(n)_____________bond | ionic |
| he two main types of chemical bonds | ionic and covalent |
| a(n)_____________ bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms | covalent |
| the smallest unit of most compounds | molecule |
| intermolecular forces of attraction | van der waals forces |
| why a water molecule is polar | there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
| why polar molecules can attract to each other | because of their partial positive and negative charges |
| attraction between molecules of the same substance | cohesion |
| attraction between molecules of different substances | adhesion |
| material composed of two or more elements mixed together but not chemically combined | mixture |
| mixture in which all he components are evenly distributed throughout | solution |
| the substance that is dissolved | solute |
| the substance in which the solute dissolves | solvent |
| mixtures of water and nondissolved material | suspension |
| what the pH scale indicates | the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| contain higher concentrations of H+ ions in a solution and have pH values below 7 | acidic solutions |
| contain lower concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values above 7 | basic solutions |
| weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids of bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH | buffers |
| smaller units, or __________, join together to form __________ | monomers, polymers |
| name the four groups of organic compounds found in living things | proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids |
| compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms | carbohydrates |
| Living things use ___________ as their main source of energy | carbohydrates |
| Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for what? | structural purposes |
| the monomers in starch polymers are _______ ___________ | sugar molecules |
| single sugar molecules | monosaccharides |
| large macromolecules formed by monosaccharides | polysaccharides |
| made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms | lipids |
| name three things lipids are used for | to store energy, as biological membranes, as waterproof coverings |
| macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen carbon, and phosphorous | nucleic acids |
| nucleic acids are polymers assembled from monomers known as _______ | nucleotides |
| name the three parts nucleotides consist of | a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| what do nucleic acids do | store and transmit genetic information |
| name the two kinds of nucleic acids | RNA DNA |
| macromolecules containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen | proteins |
| proteins are polymer of molecules called __________ ________ | amino acids |
| what do proteins do | control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, form bones and muscles, transport substances into or out of cells or help fight diseases |
| _________enter into a chemical reaction and ______ are the elements or compounds produces | reactants, products |
| a ________ _________ is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals | chemical reaction |
| chemical reactions always involve the _____________ in reactants and the ______________ in products | breaking of bonds, forming of new bonds |
| chemical reactions that ______ energy often occur spontaneously. chemical reactions that ________energy will not occur without | release. absorb, without a source of energy |
| energy that is needed to get a reaction started | activation energy |
| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy | catalyst |
| proteins that act as biological catalysts | enzymes |
| what do cells use enzymes for? | to speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
| the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions | substrates |
Created by:
ebony5407
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